Tyttobrycon

Abstract: Summary One new genus and nine new species of Amazonian Aphyoditeina (Pisces, Chara‐coidei) are described, together with six new records, as follow: Aphyodite grammi‐ca Eigenmann, redescription and new record, Microschemobrycon cf. casiquiare Bohlke, new record, Microschemobrycon cf. callops Bohlke, new record, Microschemobrycon cf. melanotus (Eigenmann), new record, Microschemobrycon geisleri sp.nov., Microschemobrycon elongatus sp.nov. (with a key to the genus Microschemobrycon), Aphyocharacidium bolivianum sp.nov., Macropsobrycon xinguen‐sis sp.nov., Axelrodia lindae sp.nov. (with a key to the genus Axelrodia), Brittanichthys axelrodi Gery, new record, Thrissobrycon pectinifer Bohlke, new record, Tyttobrycon gen.nov., type‐species Tyttobrycon xeruini sp.nov., Tyttobrycon dor‐simaculatus sp.nov., Tyttobrycon spinosus sp. nov. and Tyttobrycon hamatus sp.nov., with a key to the genus Tyttobrycon.