Abstract: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Zhang, Jian-Hang, Du, Cheng, Applequist, Wendy L., Liao, Shuai (2023): An overview on the valid publication and typification of Dryoathyrium chinense and Deparia chinensis (Athyriaceae, Aspleniineae, Polypodiales). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 67-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

Abstract: Abstract Fungal metabarcoding of substrates such as soil, wood, and water is uncovering an unprecedented number of fungal species that do not seem to produce tangible morphological structures and that defy our best attempts at cultivation, thus falling outside the scope of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The present study uses the new, ninth release of the species hypotheses of the UNITE database to show that species discovery through environmental sequencing vastly outpaces traditional, Sanger sequencing-based efforts in a strongly increasing trend over the last five years. Our findings challenge the present stance of some in the mycological community – that the current situation is satisfactory and that no change is needed to “the code” – and suggest that we should be discussing not whether to allow DNA-based descriptions (typifications) of species and by extension higher ranks of fungi, but what the precise requirements for such DNA-based typifications should be. We submit a tentative list of such criteria for further discussion. The present authors hope for a revitalized and deepened discussion on DNA-based typification, because to us it seems harmful and counter-productive to intentionally deny the overwhelming majority of extant fungi a formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.

Abstract: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Jibran, Muhammad, Idrees, Muhammad, Zhang, Zhiyong (2023): Notes on the typification of fourteen names published by A. R. Franchet in Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae). Adansonia (3) 45 (8): 115-139, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a8

Abstract: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Khajehpiri, Maryam, Saeidi, Hojjatollah, Farge, Catherine La, Ghahremaninejad, Farrokh (2023): Typification and taxonomy of Echinophora scabra (Echinophoreae, Apioideae). Phytotaxa 594 (2): 145-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.6

Abstract: A special-purpose Committee on DNA Sequences as Types was established at the XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Shenzhen, China, in 2017, with a mandate to report to the XX IBC in Madrid in 2024 with recommendations on a preferred course of action with respect to potential amendments of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants to allow DNA sequences as types. This is the first in an expected series of papers from the Special-purpose Committee on this issue. We set out the background to the establishment of the Committee, explore key issues around typification that are pertinent to the question of DNA sequences as types, enumerate pros and cons of allowing DNA sequences as types, and foreshadow options for future discussion and potential recommendations.

Abstract: Spiraea hypericifolia is a Eurasiatic species, distributed from SW Europe to C and SW Asia. In Italy, only the alien S. hypericifolia subsp. obovata was recorded, as naturalized in the Central Apennines. Spiraea flabellata was described from Abruzzo (Central Apennines, Italy) by Gussone in 1826 and is currently regarded as a synonym of S. hypericifolia subsp. obovata. Based on the study of living plants from locus classicus and the analysis of the original material traced in BOLO and NAP, S. flabellata should be referred instead to S. hypericifolia subsp. hypericifolia, a taxon reported here for the first time in Italy. The name S. flabellata is lectotypified with a specimen kept in NAP. Based on our study, S. hypericifolia subsp. obovata should be excluded from Italian flora. Spiraea hypericifolia subsp. hypericifolia should be considered native to Italy and added to the contingent of steppe plants of phytogeographic and conservation interest recorded in the Central Apennines. Finally, the conservation status assessment of S. hypericifolia subsp. hypericifolia according to IUCN categories and criteria, is proposed and discussed.

Abstract: Vernacular names and ethnobiological classifications of plants, fungi and other organisms form a valid ethnobotanical/ethnobiological system that is independent of, but at the same time complementary to, the system of scientific biological nomenclature (see Berlin, Ethnobiological Classification: Principles of Categorization of Plants and Animals in Traditional Societies. 2014; Heenan & al. in New Zealand J. Bot. 59: 291–322. 2021; McGlone & al. in New Zealand J. Bot. 60: 215–226. 2022; and references therein). However, many scientific (Latin/latinized) names of organisms are based on or derived from ancient Greek or Latin vernacular names (Stearn, Bot. Latin, ed. 3. 1983), while some other scientific names use vernacular names of organisms in other languages. Wright & Gillman (in Taxon 71: 6–10. 2022; see also Gillman & Wright in Commun. Biol. 3: 609. 2020) proposed to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 159. 2018) by allowing the retroactive replacement of scientific names and/or epithets of plants and other organisms in favour of “indigenous names”, meaning vernacular names used by indigenous peoples. These ideas received much public attention and were discussed or criticized in several publications (see Knapp & al. in Taxon 69: 1409–1410. 2020; Heenan & al., l.c.; Palma & Heath in Bionomina 22: 32–38. 2021; McGlone & al., l.c.); see also detailed, critical comments by Mosyakin (in Taxon, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12837, and references therein). However, we understand that for many people the recognition of traditional knowledge of plants, fungi, and algae and the reflection of local/indigenous vernacular names of those organisms in scientific nomenclature is indeed important. In partial response to these sentiments and concerns, we propose the following new Recommendation to be added after Art. 38. “38F.1. When describing new taxa that have existing local or indigenous vernacular names, authors are advised to report these names and associated information on traditional knowledge in the protologue and, if appropriate and feasible, to use the local or indigenous vernacular names in forming the scientific names of new taxa.” The present proposal does not encourage any rejection or replacement of existing legitimate names with “indigenous” ones (as suggested by Wright & Gillman, l.c. and Gillman & Wright, l.c.). We strongly believe that Art. 51.1 of the Code, stating that “A legitimate name must not be rejected merely because it, or its epithet, is inappropriate or disagreeable, or because another is preferable or better known (but see Art. 56.1 and F.7.1), or because it has lost its original meaning”, should remain in full force. We are grateful to Nicholas J. Turland (Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany) for his valuable advice and editorial improvements.

Abstract: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Barone, Giulio, Domina, Gianniantonio, Gristina, Emilio Di, Mirabile, Giulia, Gargano, Maria Letizia (2023): Typification of names published by Vincenzo Tineo from Sicily. Phytotaxa 612 (2): 139-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.612.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.612.2.2

Abstract: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo (2023): Original elemets and typification of the names included in the Ononis tridentata complex (Fabaceae). Phytotaxa 598 (1): 32-58, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.598.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.598.1.3

Abstract: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Steinmann, Victor W. (2023): Typification of Mexican Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). Phytotaxa 630 (1): 61-68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.630.1.5, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.630.1.5/51357

Abstract: (2957) Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. in Fern Gaz. 12: 56. Aug 1979 (Nephrodium affine Lowe in Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 6: 525. 1838), nom. cons. prop. Typus: Portugal, Madeira, Ribeiro Frio, by the Levada to the right, 1 Nov 1828, Lowe (K [on 3 sheets] barcodes K000351173, K000351174 & K000351175). (H) Dryopteris affinis Kinahan in Phytologist 5: 197. 1856, nom. rej. prop. Lectotypus (vide Fraser-Jenkins & Corley in Brit. Fern Gaz. 10: 222–223. 21 Mar 1973): Azerbaidjan, Karabakh: Helenendorf [= Khanlar], 1836, Hohenacker (LE barcode LE01053081). The name Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. has been almost universally used since 1979 in Floras and other taxonomic and horticultural works throughout the range of the species in Europe, Macaronesia, NW Africa, Turkey, the Caucasus and N Iran. It has been used in a strict sense, as a diploid species, or in an aggregate sense, as the name for the whole cytologically complex apomictic aggregate, in both cases containing subspecies within it of various different cytotypes, diploid, triploid or tetraploid. Many important works from three continents, including every country in Europe, utilize the name D. affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. Approximately 300 works accepting it are known to us, as opposed to 3 works utilising D. affinis Kinahan (attributed to “(Newman) Kinahan”), one of which is now in the process of amendment. A geographical selection of works accepting D. affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. includes Heywood (in Tutin & al., Fl. Eur., ed. 2, 1: 1–33. 1993), Castroviejo & al. (Fl. Iber. 1: 128–144. 1986), Hutchinson & Thomas (Welsh Ferns: 121–143. 1996), Stace (New Fl. Brit. Isles, ed. 4: 35–39. 2019), Jonsell & Karlsson (Fl. Nordica 1: 74–84. 2000), Prelli & Boudrie (Fougères Pl. Alliées Eur.: 361–370. 2021), Euro+Med PlantBase (http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroplusMed/), Güner & Ekim (Resimli Türkiye Florası 2: 239–263. 2019) and many other local, taxonomic, chemical, horticultural and systematic publications. The name Nephrodium affine Lowe (in Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 6: 525. 1838), on which D. affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. is based, was lectotypified by Fraser-Jenkins (in Willdenowia 10: 108. 1980). But in 2022, IPNI (International Plant Names Index, http://www.ipni.org) discovered and brought to notice an earlier validation of Dryopteris affinis by Kinahan (in Phytologist 5: 197. 1856), based on Dryopteris filix-mas var. affinis of Newman (Hist. Brit. Ferns, ed. 3: 187. 1854), a synonym of D. caucasica (A. Braun) Fraser-Jenk. & Corley (in Brit. Fern Gaz. 10: 222. 1972). Newman (l.c.) based his varietal name on Aspidium affine Fisch. & C.A. Mey. (in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 240. 1838), non Blume (1828). Another species name based on A. affine and cited by Newman was Polystichum affine Ledeb. (Fl. Ross. 4: 515. 1853), but this is also illegitimate as A. caucasicum A. Braun (in Flora 24: 707. 1841) had already been published as a replacement name for A. affine Fisch. & C.A. Mey. and Ledebour should have adopted Braun's epithet. In consequence, Newman's D. filix-mas var. affinis lacks a basionym and so cannot be treated as a new combination, and is, therefore, illegitimate as Newman cited in synonymy Lastrea filix-mas var. incisa T. Moore (in Phytologist 3: 137. 1848), the epithet of which he should have adopted. Consequently, Kinahan's species name is also not a new combination but must be attributed to him alone. As Kinahan based his name entirely on Newman's account, it is to be typified by the type of Newman's varietal name. Although this is superfluous and illegitimate, it is not automatically typified by the type of Moore's varietal name, because, in citing A. affine Fisch. & C.A. Mey. as an intended basionym, Newman indicated a different type, that of Fischer & Meyer's name (Art. 7.5 & Ex. 6). Dryopteris affinis Kinahan was previously unknown, appearing in a note on ferns in a small valley in Ireland, was not listed in any other works and was made inadvertently following Newman's account where the heading was given as Dryopteris affinis, but the text gave it as Dryopteris filix-mas var. affinis and Newman explained that it was a variety of D. filix-mas. Neither Newman nor Kinahan realised that the name applied to the separate species, D. caucasica, not present in Britain, Ireland, or all of W and C Europe, and they had misapplied this D. filix-mas var. affinis and D. affinis to D. filix-mas. Kinahan simply gave the name as “D. affinis Newman”, without other nomenclatural information. This earlier D. affinis Kinahan, although also illegitimate, being necessarily typified by the type of D. caucasica, the legitimate replacement name for Aspidium affine Fisch. & C.A. Mey., pre-occupies the name and thus renders D. affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. an illegitimate later homonym. The disruption and instability caused by the earlier name would be very extensive and would also involve the aggregate having to be referred to by the name, Dryopteris borreri (Newman) Kinahan, of a different cytotype from D. affinis sensu stricto, and the diploid species being changed to D. pseudomas (Woll.) Holub & Pouzar, with many new combinations being required for subsidiary subspecies and varieties, whether treated as a single complex species aggregate, or as in a strict sense as a separate diploid species. Any use of D. affinis ultimately based on Aspidium affine Fisch. & C.A. Mey. would therefore create great disruption in what is already known to be a complex group. Accordingly it is proposed here to conserve the name Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. against D. affinis Kinahan to maintain nomenclatural stability for the species concerned. CRFJ, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-8523 FJR, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-6769 LE, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3947-787X ACP, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-9360 We are especially grateful to Prof. J. McNeill and Dr J. Wiersema for their thorough elucidation of the complex nomenclature of Kinahan's Dryopteris affinis and for editorial corrections.

Abstract: Background and aims – Specimens of a new tree species in the genus Drypetes (Putranjivaceae) distributed in Cameroon and eastern Nigeria, D. stevartii, were associated with D. verrucosa, another tree species endemic to Gabon, due to its warty fruits and to the overall morphological resemblances of both species. Material and methods – The present study is based on the study of 20 gatherings of D. verrucosa and 26 gatherings of D. stevartii. Morphological observations on herbarium specimens belonging to the new species and D. verrucosa were carried out in order to describe them. Key results – This treatment includes the detailed descriptions of these two species, the typification of their names, a comparative table summarizing their main morphological differences, an identification key, photographs of both, as well as information about their distribution, habitat, and phenology. Preliminary IUCN Red List assessments show that both D. verrucosa and D. stevartii are ‘Near Threatened’ species.

Abstract: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Mosyakin, Sergei L., Albach, Dirk C., Shevera, Myroslav V. (2023): On Veronica paczoskiana and the real identity and typification of V. spicata var. pseudoorchidea (Plantaginaceae). Phytotaxa 618 (1): 47-58, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.618.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

Abstract: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo (2023): Typification of Gagea lacaitae (Liliaceae) revisited. Phytotaxa 618 (2): 181-187, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.618.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.2.7

Abstract: Simple Summary Bentinckia is an Indian endemic genus belonging to the tribe Areceae (Arecaceae). This genus contains two species, B. condapanna and B. nicobarica, and both need to be conserved as they come under the threatened category. Bentinckia, along with nine genera, remains unplaced in Areceae. The members of the unplaced Areceae show characteristics corresponding to all the subtribes. Therefore, morphologically it is difficult to assign any subtribes to these genera. Many molecular phylogenetic analyses have reported the relationships within Areceae. However, all of these are unable to show confident position and support for the species. In the present article, we constructed the molecular phylogeny of Areceae based on an appropriate combination of chloroplast and nuclear loci that satisfactorily depicts the phylogenetic positions of all species from Areceae. Phylogeny and evolutionary history disclose that Bentinckia together with unplaced Clinostigma and Cyrostachys show a close relationship with the subtribe Arecinae and might have originated in Eurasia and India. In addition, this study reports a taxonomic revision of Bentinckia. In addition, it provides a new chromosome number (cytotype), i.e. 2n = 30 for B. condapanna. This study will form the very basis for assessing and refining the systematic position of all the species from the tribe Areceae. Abstract Bentinckia is a genus of flowering plants which is an unplaced member of the tribe Areceae (Arecaceae). Two species are recognized in the genus, viz. B. condapanna Berry ex Roxb. from the Western Ghats, India, and B. nicobarica (Kurz) Becc. from the Nicobar Islands. This work constitutes taxonomic revision, cytogenetics, molecular phylogeny, and biogeography of the Indian endemic palm genus Bentinckia. The present study discusses the ecology, morphology, taxonomic history, distribution, conservation status, and uses of Bentinckia. A neotype was designated for the name B. condapanna. Cytogenetical studies revealed a new cytotype of B. condapanna representing 2n = 30 chromosomes. Although many phylogenetic reports of the tribe Areceae are available, the relationship within the tribe is still ambiguous. To resolve this, we carried out Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis using an appropriate combination of chloroplast and nuclear DNA regions. The same phylogeny was used to study the evolutionary history of Areceae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Bentinckia forms a clade with other unplaced members, Clinostigma and Cyrostachys, and together they show a sister relationship with the subtribe Arecinae. Biogeographic analysis shows Bentinckia might have originated in Eurasia and India.

Abstract: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Řepka, Radomír, Taraška, Vojtěch (2023): Typification of three Carex nothospecies names dedicated to Czech botanists by J. Podpěra. Phytotaxa 618 (2): 172-180, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.618.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.2.6

Abstract: This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Narayanan, Bhavadas, Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta, Kumar, Vannaratta Veetil Naveen, Harinarayanan, C. M., Chinnappan, Satheshkumar, Umesh, Balakrishnan Thara (2023): Taxonomic delineation of two closely allied Rubus L. (Rosaceae) species with notes on the typification of the name R. fairholmianus. Phytotaxa 622 (5): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.622.5.1, URL: https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.622.5.1/51261

Abstract: The present paper deals with typification for two names in the genus Muhlenbergia i.e. M. duthieana and M. himalayensis. Furthermore, taxonomy of all Indian species for the same has been provided along with taxonomic key for correct identification.

Abstract: There has been historical confusion and error in the application and typification of the name Pleurandra glaucophylla Steud., likely caused by a slip of the pen on the original collecting label which caused the collecting number assigned by Preiss (2179) to be mis-transcribed as 2159, a number already used for another Preiss collection. We show that the type of P. glaucophylla falls within the circumscription of the species currently known as Hibbertia rupicola (S.Moore) C.A.Gardner, necessitating the new combination H. glaucophylla (Steud.) K.R.Thiele & T.Hammer as the correct name for the species currently known as H. rupicola.

Abstract: Rhagadiolus edulis (Cichorieae, Compositae) can be treated either as a replacement name or as the name of a new taxon according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Treating it as a replacement name would be nomenclaturally disruptive, whereas treating it as the name of a new taxon, confirmed by an appropriate typification, maintains current usage. Therefore, the nomenclatural type for the name Rhagadiolus edulis is discussed. The name is lectotypified by a specimen preserved in the Gaertner Herbarium at TUB.

Abstract: Nomenclatural types for twenty-nine names belonging to the genus Asparagus are typified and discussed. The following names are lectotypified: A. altiscandens Engl. & Gilg, A. altissimus Munby, A. baumii Engl. & Gilg, A. benguellensis Baker, A. burchellii Baker, A. curillus Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb., A. deflexus Baker, A. duchesnei L.Linden, A. equisetoides Welw. ex Baker, A. fasciculatus Thunb., A. griffithii, Baker, A. homblei De Wild., A. kaessneri De Wild., A. lecardii De Wild., A. longicladus N.E.Br., A. longiflorus Franch., A. monophyllus Baker, A. palaestinus Baker, A. pastorianus Webb & Berthel., A. persicus Baker, A. poissonii H.Perrier, A. psilurus Welw. ex Baker, A. ritschardii De Wild., A. sapinii De Wild., A. scandens Thunb., A. schumanianus Schltr. ex H.Perrier, A. stellatus Baker, A. subfalcatus De Wild., and A. undulatus (L.f.) Thunb. (synonym of Dracaena undulata L.f.). A new name, Asparagus neofasciculatus, is proposed as a replacement name for A. fasciculatus Thunb., which is an illegitimate later homonym of A. fasciculatus R.Br. The original protologue of these names and the original materials are evaluated. Nomenclature remarks discussing the selection of type specimens are given for each name, and known isotypes or isolectotypes are also cited. This information could be utilized as a reference for future taxonomic and systematic studies on Asparagus around the world.

Abstract: Stellaria ruderalis and S. cupaniana (Caryophyllaceae, Alsinoideae, Alsineae) are recorded from Tunisia for the first time, S. ruderalis being also new to continental Africa. Descriptions, notes on habitat, ecology, and distribution in Tunisia are given. Original photographs together with a key to the Stellaria taxa of Tunisia are also provided. The typification of the name Alsine cupaniana is discussed and a specimen preserved at LY is designated as the lectotype.

Abstract: In the western Mediterranean, Corsica and Sardinia are characterised by high plant diversity and endemism, and exhibit a tight biogeographic connection. One of the endemic taxa thriving in forests, macchia, along riversides and in mountain grasslands of both islands is Euphorbia semiperfoliata. It was often considered a subspecies of the widespread European forest plant E. amygdaloides, or deemed closely related with the western Asian E. macroceras and E. oblongifolia. Here, we explored the evolutionary origin of E. semiperfoliata using nuclear ITS sequences that showed that E. semiperfoliata is divergent from E. amygdaloides and the other species of E. sect. Patellares, which indicates its old, likely Tertiary origin. In addition, its relative genome size is different from E. amygdaloides and other species and several morphological characters revealed by morphometric analyses differentiate E. semiperfoliata from E. amygdaloides. Finally, we provide a taxonomic treatment for E. semiperfoliata, including the typification and a morphological description.

Abstract: A lectotype and epitype are selected for Jungermannia pinguis L. (Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort.)