Abstract: Manudev, K.M. & S. Nampy (2016). Lectotypification of Arisaema consanguineum Schott (Araceae). Candollea 71: 23–26. In English, English abstract. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2016v711a5 The genus Arisaema Mart. is the largest genus of Araceae in India with 48 species and 13 infraspecific taxa. While updating the nomenclature of the genus in India, the authors found ambiguity in the typification of Arisaema consanguineum Schott. The designation of authentic type material by earlier authors was not satisfying. Therefore, a lectotype is designated here on a Joseph Dalton Hooker collection from Sikkim in India preserved at CAL. Received: April 13, 2015; Accepted: December 16, 2015; First published online: March 14, 2016

Abstract: Seven commonly used Friesian names of Cortinarius sect. Anomali, Spilomei, and Bolares are discussed. Neotypes for C. anomalus, C. spilomeus, and C. bolaris, as well as epitypes for C. albocyaneus, C. caninus, and C. tabularis are proposed. The distinction of these six species is supported by both morphological and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) data, whereas C. azureus, as currently typified, is considered as a synonym of C. anomalus, but could also be considered as nomen dubium. Barcodes (ITS) and morphological descriptions based on materials from a broad geographical area in Europe are provided for each species. Furthermore, two new species, C. jonimitchelliae and C. pastoralis, from northern Europe are described. The latter is proposed to accommodate C. anomalus subsp. campestris, which has been described from treeless habitats with Helianthemum. Our study reveals that the subsp. campestris is not an intraspecific variety of C. anomalus, but an own species close to C. caninus, and has a much wider distribution and host range than earlier thought. An identification key for the species/sections included here is provided.

Abstract: Azorella is a genus with 26 species of Azorelloideae (Apiaceae) that grow from Costa Rica to the subantartic islands, being distintive and dominant in different environments of the Andean Cordilleras from Venezuela to Patagonia. The species of Azorella that grow in Argentina have been revised taxonomically in a previous study. However, knowledge of the remaining species is fragmentary and uneven. The aim of this paper is to update and standardize the information of the 11 species of Azorella absent in Argentina and present in Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and/or Venezuela. We provide descriptions for those species and update distributional maps, and we solve nomenclatural and typification problems for 41 names, designating 2 type species, 16 lectotypes and 1 neotype. In addition, we provide 10 new illustrations, and an identification key for all the species of the genus.

Abstract: The genus Stipa comprises approximately 50 taxa in Kazakhstan, of which 18 were described by Yuri A. Kotukhov from eastern Kazakhstan between 1987 and 1998. The majority of the original material of these taxa is preserved in the LE herbarium (Saint-Petersburg, Russia). Some original material of Kotukhov’s species, not mentioned in the protologues, is preserved in the KUZ (Kemerovo, Russia) and KRA (Krakow, Poland) herbaria. The present paper presents a complete list of feather grasses described by Kotukhov from Kazakhstan, with indications of types and the locations where they are preserved, lectotypification of seven names ( S. akseirica , S. argillosa , S. karakabinica , S. kempirica , S. kyzylkiensis , S. azutavica , S. saikanica ), one new combination ( S. orientalis var. azutavica comb. nova), synonymisation of three species ( S. akseirica is a synonym of S. sareptana , S. kyzylkiensis is a synonym of S. sczerbakovii , and S. saikanica is a synonym of S. lessingiana ), an identification key and taxonomic notes regarding the discussed taxa.

Abstract: Diagnosis and illustrations are given for Braunia secunda (Hook.) Bruch & Schimp., and a Humboldt and Bonpland specimen (BM) is selected as the lectotype. Also a collection by Arsene (BM) is designated as the lectotype for B. secunda var. crassiretis Ther. This variety is retained as synonym of B. secunda. The species concept of B. secunda is revised and a provisional key is provided to help in the identification of 23 species of Braunia, based on examination of herbarium specimens worldwide. About half of specimens from Mexico actually represent another species, B. andrieuxii Lorentz. All material examined from India, previously identified as B. secunda belongs to B. macropelma (Mull.Hal.) A.Jaeger, whereas collections from Africa are actually B. rupestris (Mitt.) A.Jaeger, B. entodonticarpa Mull.Hal., or B. diaphana (Mull.Hal.) A.Jaeger. These and other species should no longer be considered synonyms of B. secunda. The worldwide distribution of the species is documented for the United States, Mexico, Gu...

Abstract: The occurrence of Alyssum desertorum , a species belonging to A. sect. Alyssum , is reported for the first time in Italy. It was found in Abruzzo (central Italy) in the territory of National Park of Gran Sasso and Laga mountains and surrounding areas. Morphological similarities with the other taxa recorded in Italy belonging to A. sect. Alyssum are briefly discussed. Information about the typification of the name, habitat, phenology and distribution in Italy are also provided.

Abstract: As part of a comprehensive revision of the Rhizocarpon geographicum species group using molecular and morphological approaches, we examined the name-bearing types of 15 species. We report ambiguities and inconsistencies with the reported features of some type specimens, original descriptions, and circumscriptions employed in keys for the identification of taxa within the complex. The reporting of chemical reactions and some morphological characters was found to be inconsistent and likely to lead to errors of identification. This is unfortunate in view of the widespread use of the complex in glaciology for lichenometry. Issues surrounding the typification of the basionym Lichen geographicus are clarified, and the epitype is illustrated. The complex nomenclatural situation regarding the name Rhizocarpon lecanorinum and its typification is also made clear. The examination of the anatomical and morphological characters presented here needs to be considered together with molecular phylogenetic information to provide a more informed new taxonomy of the group.

Abstract: The living species of the genus Retrophyllum C.N. Page (Podocarpaceae) are revised. A key to the six species recognised is given. Retrophyllum filicifolium (N.E.Gray) R.R.Mill comb. nov. from New Guinea and the Moluccas is recognised as a species distinct from R. vitiense (Seemann) C.N. Page, which is restricted to material from Fiji and the Solomon Islands. Additional characters are given by which to separate Retrophyllum piresii (Silba) C.N. Page (Brazil) from R. rospigliosii (Pilg.) C.N. Page (Andes). The six species fall into three species-pairs that differ in reproductive characters: one pair in Papuasia and Melanesia, a second on New Caledonia and a third in South America. In the New Caledonian species-pair, the adult leaves are flattened in four ranks with only minimal heterofacial twisting, whereas in the species-pair inhabiting Fiji, New Guinea and neighbouring areas, as well as the pair inhabiting South America, the adult leaves are arranged in two ranks with significant heterofacial twisting. The names Podocarpus filicifolius N.E.Gray and Nageia minor Carriere, respectively the basionyms of Retrophyllum filicifolium and R. minus, are lectotypified, and the typification of Nageia minor comprehensively discussed in an appendix. Adult female epitypes are additionally designated for Podocarpus filicifolius, which was originally based on juvenile foliage of Retrophyllum mixed with a detached seed of Nageia wallichiana, and for Nageia minor, which Carriere described on the basis of sterile material. Two other appendices provide a list of accepted names and synonyms, and a list of exsiccatae. Illustrations and distribution maps are provided for each species.

Abstract: The names Statice cumana (currently Limonium cumanum ), S. inarimensis (≡ L. inarimensis ), and S. remotispicula (≡ L. remotispiculum ) are lectotypified on specimens preserved at NAP and FI. These species are endemic to the south Tyrrhenian coasts (SW Italy), two of them ( L. cumanum , and L. inarimensis ) being narrow endemic to Campania region. A nomenclatural change ( Limonium cumanum var. glabrescens , comb. nov. ) is also proposed.

Abstract: Horkelia Cham. et Schltdl.

Abstract: In the present work the presence of Paspalum notatum Flugge (Poaceae) in Italy was reported for the first time. It is a neophyte native to America, known for applications in phytoremediation. Its typification, ecology and invasiveness status are also presented.

Abstract: Previous taxonomic studies on the Holarctic species of Ulota, including both morphological and molecular approaches,distinguished Ulota crispa, U. crispula and U. intermedia as separate taxa worthy of recognition at the specific level, instead of belonging to a single, highly variable species (U. crispa). Available original material for these three names has been studied and in several cases these are heterogeneous, containing two or even three of these closely related species. We discuss the nomenclatural history of each species and the extant original specimens from which lectotypes for Orthotrichum crispum,Ulota crispula and U. intermedia are designated.

Abstract: All names in Heterostemma and their known synonyms are listed. Lectotypes are designated for 33 names and a neotype is designated for Stapelia quadrangula . Dittoceras is synonymised with Heterostemma and three new combinations are validated.

Abstract: Typification is a well-established operator of map generalization. Although it is widely used in many existing research fields, less discussion has been devoted to the quality of typification. This paper presents a user survey for the evaluation of different typification results of facade structures under different constraints. The survey shows that preservation of the shape of the features is the most important constraint for a reasonable typification process, which has also been quantitatively verified by calculating the similarities between the typified facades and the original facade using attributed relational graph (ARG) and nested earth mover’s distance (NEMD) algorithms. Based on that, an algorithm is developed to generate perceivably reasonable representation from the original facade with decreasing map scale. The algorithm is implemented and tested on a number of facades. Experiments reveal that the typification can be automatically conducted and can create results which are well associated with the original facades.

Abstract: Hugo Zapalowicz described and named 27 taxa in Aconitum sect. Aconitum. Their names are typified here. Two of them (Aconitum berdaui, Aconitum bucovinense) are deemed correct for currently accepted species of the Carpathians, 24 are reduced to synonymy under five taxa, and for one no original material has been located. The correct place and exact date of their publication, which differs from those usually assumed, have been ascertained by bibliographic verification and the study of archival documents.

Abstract: Dichorisandra picta has been considered a name of dubious application due to the lack of known herbarium specimens, and consequently lack of a type specimen, and information regarding its natural distribution. Recent field, herbaria and literature studies, focusing on the species of Commelinaceae from Rio de Janeiro state, clarified the identity and application of this enigmatic name. As a result, the typification of the names related to D. picta is presented, along with the first complete description for this species, field photographs and a distribution map. Dichorisandra picta is also compared with the remaining species of the D. acaulis morphological group.

Abstract: The Linnaean names Centaurea aegyptiaca, C. behen, C. scabiosa and C. verutum (Asteraceae) are lectotypified using three specimens from Linnaeus's herbarium and a Rauwolf illustration. The designations are based on an assessment of Linnaeus's original material.

Abstract: As part of the ongoing revision of Malpighiaceae from the Atlantic Forest, an extensive review of Vellozo’s Flora fluminensis and the names associated to the Bunchosia maritima complex was carried out. We conclude that seven species should be recognized, with four of them related to the morphological complex. Each of the seven species can be distinguished by the number of glands on the abaxial side of the leaf blade, venation pattern, inflorescence, androecium and drupe morphology, and number of carpels. Thus, we redefine B. maritima to a much narrower sense. In order to determine proper nomenclature for the recognized species, the typification of all names was investigated. We designate a lectotype and an epitype for B. maritima , a lectotype for B. apiculata and a neotype for B. fluminensis . Furthermore, we present an identification key for the Bunchosia species from the Atlantic Forest domain.

Abstract: Astragalus vulnerarioides Allioni (1785a: 343) was first described from Mt. Cenis, between the Cottian and Graian Alps (western Alps, France), probably based on herbarium specimens collected by Allioni. The author cited two illustrations in the protologue, which are consequently original material for the name (Art. 9.3 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012). The illustrations were drawn by F. Peyrolery. The first was published in the third volume of Flora Pedemontana (T. XIX, Fig. 2, Allioni 1785b), while the second is an unpublished illustration from the Iconographia Taurinensis (Vol. XV, T. 79, Fig. 2, 1765), a collection of watercolours from the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries, housed in the Library of the Department of Plant Biology of the University of Torino (Forneris 2008). Both these illustrations match Allioni’s’ diagnosis, were cited in the protologue and correspond to the current concept of the species.

Abstract: Juno is one of the most disputable groups of the genus Iris sl (Iridaceae) and the largest part of its taxa are in need of typification In the present paper, the nomenclatural types for 28 names (21 species, 7 varieties) of juno irises are designated Most of the original material was collected from the Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union (especially Uzbekistan and Tajikistan), and the other part was from South Asia (Afghanistan and Pakistan) Lectotypes are designated for 27 names, or a typification remark is provided Among them, the previous first-step lectotypification of 2 names has been finalized, and 2 epitypes are designated for lectotypified names A neotype is also designated for the name Iris tubergeniana

Abstract: This contribution presents and describes Tradescantia schwirkowskiana , a narrow endemic new species from Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. We assess here the conservation status of this new species as critically endangered, according to the IUCN criteria. We present here a complete description, illustrations and comments on the new species, along with an identification key to the species of Tradescantia that occur in Santa Catarina. Furthermore, we designate here a lectotype and an epitype for T. crassula , the morphologically-closest species to T. schwirkowskiana .

Abstract: Genera Plantarum by George Bentham and Joseph Hooker is a highly influential work in the history of plant classification. However, the importance of the work for names at the rank of species is equivocal. Bentham and Hooker proposed transferring many species to different genera without making the required new combinations. Many such supposed combinations were attributed to Genera Plantarum, particularly in Index Kewensis. Species names attributed to Genera Plantarum are reviewed herein. Typification of species described in Genera Plantarum is also analysed. Many citations of the valid publication of combinations are listed that should replace the incorrect ones still given in reference works. Simira podocarpa (Benth.) I.M. Turner, comb. nova and Erigeron emodi I.M. Turner, nom. nov. are proposed. Litsea elongata (Nees) Benth. ex Hook. f. is a later homonym that should be replaced by Litsea faberi Hemsl. Peucedanum diversifolium H. Wolff is not a later homonym and should be used rather than P. chinense M. ...

Abstract: The large genus Veronica has a complex evolutionary history. Within it, Veronica subsect. Pentasepalae represents an ideal system to study important evolutionary processes, such as hybridization and polyploidization. Delimitation of species boundaries within the subsection is a difficult task and the highly complicated taxonomy of the group has led to an accumulation of approximately 230 names for 22 accepted taxa. Many names have been used in different taxonomic senses even in recent Floras, scientific works, catalogues, Red Lists and internet resources. The lack of an updated taxonomic and nomenclatural framework represents a significant problem to develop further studies in several fields such as ecology, conservation, plant and evolutionary biology. A complete nomenclatural treatment for the whole subsection is provided here, that relies on results derived from the first phylogenetic analysis of V. subsect. Pentasepalae based on DNA sequence data, morphology and ploidylevel information. Nomenclatural types for 22 validly published names are designated. In total 21 lectotypes, 2 epitypes and 1 neotype are chosen. A new combination, Veronica linearis, is proposed.