Abstract: Pubescent twigs are characteristic of Prunus susquehanae, a plant of acid, sandy or rocky barrens, whereas other members of the dwarf cherry complex, mostly of alkaline or neutral substrates of prairies, lakeshores, and scree slopes, have glabrous twigs. The correlation of this character with habit, ecology, and other morphological characters provides a basis for treating P. susquehanae (= P. pumila var. cuneata) as a distinct species. Related taxa are best treated as varieties of P. pumila. Current application of the scientific names is confirmed. P. pumila is lectotypified by a Miller figure, but in view of its ambiguity, a supporting epitype is also selected. Lectotypes are also designated for P. besseyi and P. susquehanae. A key and conspectus are included.

Abstract: Although not the first publication validating the generic name Rafflesia, Robert Brown’s first classic paper on Rafflesia arnoldii was issued as a preprint in April 1821, antedating the publication of the possibly threatening name, R. titan Jack; Brown’s second paper on the genus was also first distributed as a preprint, in September 1844. New names first published in these papers are listed and remarks on the typification of Malesian species (two lectotypifications proposed) added. Rafflesia horsfieldii is apparently conspecific with R. patma, which, if proved, should prompt a move for the conservation of the later name R. patma. Precise datings for certain parts of the Proceedings and Transactions of the Linnean Society are presented and, as a result, it is necessary to propose a new combination, Thottea piperiformis (Griff.) Mabb. (Aristolochiaceae).

Abstract: During the writing of the treatment of Basellaceae for Flora Mesoamericana it became apparent that typification of the Linnaean names Basella alba L. and B. lucida L. required clarification. A note to formally fix the application of these two names is provided here. The genus Basella consists of five species, four in east and southeast Africa and Madagascar, the other pantropical and widely cultivated (Sperling, 1987). The three Linnaean names for species of Basella are now considered conspecific, and typification of two of these names is clarified below. In Species Plantarum, Linnaeus first described two species of Basella L., B. rubra L. and B. alba L. These two species were distinguished on a single leaf character: Basella rubra was described as "Basella foliis planis," while Basella alba in contrast was described as "Basellafoliis undatis" (Linnaeus, 1753: 272). A third species, Basella lucida L., was described by Linnaeus in 1759, differing from the other two in having subcordate, rather than ovate, leaves and densely terminally branched, rather than simple, peduncles. Basella rubra, B. alba, and B. lucida were first treated as a single species by Roxburgh (1832), who used the name B. alba. Within B. alba Roxburgh recognized five "varieties," based on local taxonomic knowledge, and he listed these five subgroups as two "wild sorts" and three "cultivated sorts" (Roxburgh, 1832: 275). Graham (1839) followed Roxburgh's account, but was erroneously credited by Smith (1981) as the first to combine the names under B. alba. Baillon (1887), on the other hand, considered B. alba a variety of B. rubra, and several authors subsequently followed that work and accepted B. rubra as the name for the single species. As Roxburgh (1832) was the first author to place B. alba and B. rubra in synonymy, and in doing so adopted B. alba, it (and not B. rubra) is the correct name under Article 11.5 of the Code (see van Steenis, 1957; Smith, 1981, and references therein; Greuter et al., 1994). Additionally, B. alba is the name in current use, and the types designated here are intended to maintain this usage. Basella rubra was lectotypified by Verdcourt (1968), who selected the unpublished drawing of a fruiting plant in Herb. Hermann 5: t. 207 (lectotype, BM) that formed the basis for Linnaeus's Flora Zeylanica account, a choice Smith (1981) also suggested as a logical lectotype and that has been followed by Kellogg (1988). Basella rubra L. was accepted as the type of the genus Basella L. by Jarvis et al. (1993). The types of Basella alba L. and B. lucida L. have not previously been clarified. A single synonym from Thran (Hort. Carolsruh. 11, n. 125. 1747), "Basella flore albo, foliis & caulibus viridibus," was cited in the original description of B. alba, and this has subsequently been cited as the type of B. alba (miscited as Thran, Hort. Carolsruh. 10, n. 100. 1747, by Verdcourt, 1968; Sperling, 1987; and Kellogg, 1988). However, the synonym in the protologue does not have a visual element and it cannot therefore serve as the type, which must be a single specimen or illustration (Greuter et al., 1994: Art. 8.1). There are no extant original elements for the name Basella alba. Three specimens annotated as B. alba exist in the Linnaean herbarium in Stockholm. However, none are annotated by Linnaeus and therefore cannot be considered original material for the name and eligible for lectotypification. A neotype is therefore required to formally fix the application of the name Basella alba. In Species Plantarum edition 2 (1762: 390), Linnaeus added a reference to an illustration ofBasella alba in Plukenet (1691: tab. 63, fig. 1). Plukenet (1696: 252) used the polynomial "Mirabili Peruvianae affinis tinctoria Betaefolio scandens" for the species and cited the illustration in van Rheede (Hortus Malabaricus 7, tab. 24. 1688) under that name. The plate in Plukenet clearly illustrates Basella alba L. as it is now circumscribed. Having cited the distribution of Basella alba as "Syria?" (Linnaeus, 1753: 272) in the first edition of Species Plantarum, Linnaeus followed Plukenet in 1762, stating that B. alba was from China. As possible neotypes, the Chinese specimens available were considered of rather poor quality. Therefore, the neotype selected here is a specimen with plenty of NovoN 9: 562-563. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.104 on Sun, 19 Jun 2016 05:53:46 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 9, Number 4 1999 Sidwell Typification in Basellaceae 563 fertile material, and detailed locality data, from Nepal. Although Basella lucida L. was recognized by Moquin-Tandon (1849) as a distinct species, it has otherwise been considered a synonym of B. alba L. by most authors since Linnaeus. In his treatment of the three species of Basella, Linnaeus (1762: 391) added a note that the species were clearly very closely related: "Affines nimium sunt hae tres species, sed constantes se servant in hortis." The short description of B. lucida (Linnaeus, 1762) fits within the current circumscription of Basella alba, and there is no doubt that the name should be placed

Abstract: Chiloscyphus subgenus Phaeochiloscyphus J. J. Engel & R. M. Schust. is revised and shown to contain two species, C. durus (Steph.) Hassel, comb. nov. and C. magellanicus Steph. Study of additional material has shown that Chiloscyphus hookeri J.J. Engel must be treated as a new synonym of C. durus , as is Leptoscyphus decipiens Mitt., nom. inval. Chiloscyphus lobatus Steph. is treated as a new synonym are C. magellanicus. The two accepted species are distinguished by a key; typification and synonymy are presented in full and all specimens studied from Chile and Argentina are cited along with a summary of distribution and ecology. Finally, C. magellanicus is fully described and illustrated for the first time.

Abstract: The nomenclatural type of the name Cuphea was stated by Graham to be C. decandra, but there is an earlier type designation by Swart who chose C. viscosissima. Both options are discussed, and it is concluded that Swart's typification must stand. A lectotype of C. visco- sissima is designated, superseding the neotype proposed by Graham.

Abstract: A taxonomic treatment of Sida L. sect. Ellipticifoliae Fryxell is presented in which eight species and two varieties are recognized. Brief descriptions, a key to species, distribution maps, illustrations, and notes on ecology, etymology, typification, and species relationships are included. Sida inflexa Fernald is reduced to synonymy under S. elliottii Torr. & A. Gray, S. rubromarginata Nash is resurrected in light of new characters, and S. elliottii var. parviflora Chapm. is broadly redefined.

Abstract: A lectotype is chosen for Samolus repens var. strictus Cockayne (Primulaceae) from the material collected on the Poor Knights Islands.

Abstract: Lactarius necator is neotypified with a collection from Sweden that fits well with the sanctioning description. The plate of Bulliard representing the original concept of Agaricus necator, is excluded from the type diagnosis. It is demonstrated that A. plumbeus is not conspecific with A. necator, and the alternative use of the name Lactarius plumbeus (Bull.: Fr.) Gray, as recently proposed by Heilmann-Clausen et al. (1998) is rejected.

Abstract: Summary Sokoloff, D. D.: Typification of several specific and generic names in the tribe Loteae