Abstract: The change in the starting-point date to 1753 for all fungi, with a protected status for names used by Persoon and by Fries in sanctioning works, results in a simplification of bibliographic work. The new provisions of the Code also provide maximum stability in application of early names by allowing their typification in their current sense in most cases. The virtual disappearance of the "ex" formulation between authors' names, and procedures for applying the new ": Pers." and ": Fr." formulations for many names published from 1753 through 1832 are discussed. The Nomenclature Section enacted, and the XIII International Botanical Congress approved, at their meetings in Sydney, Australia, in August, 1981, numerous changes in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) which take immediate effect. Several of these have major importance to mycologists and lichenologists, and the implications of these are discussed in greater detail elsewhere (Korf, 1982). Two topics of general interest, the simplification in citing authors' names and the new provisions for selecting types of early names to attain stability, are treated here.

Abstract: The typification of Helotium Tode 1790, is detailed. Tode's comments in the protologue indicated that Helotium hirsutum Tode was the more important species upon which the generic description was based. The earliest explicit (lecto) typification was proposed by Fries in 1825. Fries's selection of Helotium gibbum Alb. & Schw. supports, by proxy, the acceptance of the original Helotium hirsutum as type now that both combinations are recognized as synonyms of each other. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that an attempt by Donk in 1962 to lectotypify Helotium with Helotium glabrum Tode was made arbitrarily, without direct reference to the protologue. A single recent collection is designated as neotype for both H. hirsutum and H. gibbum. Hemimycena crispula (Quel.) Singer is considered to be conspecific hence making the genus Hemimycena sensu Singer a later synonym of Helotium. Shortly after the publication of the name Helotium by Tode, the generic name was applied to both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes by ...

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyse, by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the validity of the typification of the pollen of Centaurea L. s.s., carried out by Wagenitz (1955) with light microscopy and based on the exine structure and sculpturing. The pollen of six species have been analyzed: one species for every type of pollen present in Italy: C. sempervirens L., C. alpina L., C. scabiosa L., C. alba L., C. montana L., C. cyanus L. The validity of the pollen typification suggested by Wagenitz has been confirmed also at the ultramicroscopic level. The ultrastructure and the sculturing of the sporoderm are described in detail and some discrepancies, mainly due to the different potentialities offered by the two methods, are pointed out.

Abstract: The typification of Ramalina leiodea (Nyl.) Nyl. is discussed; R. boninensis Asah. and R. boninensis f. subcalicariformis are considered to be conspecific with R. leiodea. A description of the taxon is given, and the morphological and chemical variability considered. The distribution of both the boninic acid and cryptochlorophaeic acid races is discussed.

Abstract: Criteria based on ontogeny are given for clear distinctions between Culicidospora aquatica and C. gravida. Polycladium equiseti, Tricladium castaneicola and T. patulum, and the phialidic states of T. splendens and T. terrestre, believed to be spermatial, are described from pure culture. A lectotype is proposed for T. angulatum.

Abstract: Summary According to Literature, the group of Microgonium erosum would be represented in continental Africa by the following five species, originally described as members of Tricbomanes and still mostly ascribed to it: M. erosum, M. aerugineum, T. palmicola, M. chamaedrys and M. ballardianum. Divergent opinions have been expressed on the identity and taxonomical value of these species; they are mainly due partly to an imperfect knowledge of the types and partly to an erroneous valuation of the importance of the distintive characteristics. The typification of each species is carefully investigated and established; the field of variability of the various characteristics is taken into consideration and the diagnostic value of them is ascertained. The conclusion is reached that the group is represented in continental Africa by M. erosum, M. chamaedrys, the new species M. benlii and M. ballardianum, both T. aerugineum and T. palmicola being regarded as synonyms of M. erosum. A key for the determination of the ...

Abstract: In his monograph onAnisacanthus, Hagen (1941) consideredDrejera puberula Torr. (1859) anomen confusum as it was based on material of three distinct species, while the laterA. insignis A. Gray (1886), which we show also consisted of three distinct species, was considered valid. Through typification, we establish from the older name.A. puberulus for a lance-ovate, puberulent-leaved, springblooming, pink-flowered species and elevateA. insignis var.linearis Hagen toA. linearis for the linear-, glabrous-leaved, summer-blooming, orange-red-flowered species. Descriptions and a map of these two species are presented.

Abstract: Hooker, W. J. 1836. Icones plantarum, ser. 1, vol. 1, pt. 1, pl. 29. London. Lanjouw, J. and F. A. Stafleu. 1954. Collectors (A-D). Regnum Veg. Vol. 2. Rzedowski, J. 1978. Vegetacidn de Mexico. Editorial Limusa. Mexico. Small, J. K. 1914. Ericaceae. In: N. Amer. Fl. 29(1): 33-102. Stafleu, F. A. 1966. The publication of W. J. Hooker's Icones Plantarum I-X, In facsimile edition. J. Cramer, Lehre. 1967. Taxonomic literature. Regnum Veg. Vol. 52. et al. (Eds.). 1978. International code of botanical nomenclature. Regnum Veg. Vol. 97.

Abstract: During the nineteenth century James Stirton published 103 lichen names as new species from the Australian continent (excluding Tasmania).One of these was