Abstract: Four of the 10 taxa of Grammitis recorded from New Zealand and its subantarctic islands are new: G. givenii, G. magellanica subsp. nothofageti, G. pseudociliata, and G. rawlingsii all belong to the group of G. billardieri Willd., which is here treated in a strict sense. G. magellanica and G. patagonica are recorded for the first time in New Zealand. G. armstrongii is reinterpreted to include extra-Australasian material. Synonymy, typification, description, habitat data, extra-New Zealand distribution, citation of specimens examined, and distribution maps are given for each species and a key is provided.

Abstract: — The holotype of Hedysarum boreale Nutt. is convarietal with natural populations now known as Hedysarum boreale Nutt. var. cinerascens (Rydb.) Rollins instead of var. boreale. The new combination Hedysarum boreale Nutt. var. rivulare (Williams) Northstrom is proposed for populations formerly known as var. boreale. Considerable confusion has been apparent in taxonomic literature in recent years concerning the application of the binomial Hedysarum boreale Nutt. because the type specimen could not be located by previous workers nor by the present author in an earlier study (Northstrom & Welsh 1970). Thomas Nuttall described Hedysarum boreale (1818) from specimens collected in the vicinity of the Mandan Post of the Missouri Trading Company in the summer of 1811 (Graustein 1967). In his original description, however, Nuttall (1818:110), failed to stress any of the characters which are significant in delimiting Hedysarum taxa either on the specific or the infraspecific level. In addition, he indicated that he was not entirely sure that his plant was not Hedysarum alpinum of Michaux (1803). There are presently three varieties of Hedysarum boreale recognized as occurring in North America. The first, the typical var. boreale, is characterized by having leaflets which are usually glabrous above and very sparsely villous below. The second, var. cinerascens (Rydb.) Rollins, possesses leaflets which are beset with many appressed, satiny hairs on both the upper and lower surfaces, the whole plant being quite villous. The third, var. gremiale (Rollins) Northstrom & Welsh, is distinguished by the presence of distinct spines which arise from the costae of the loment articles. These three taxa occupy rather distinct geographical areas and are morphologically quite distinct, although they exhibit a nearly complete degree of intergradation which is in harmony with the current use of the varietal rank. After geographically {)lotting the distribution of Hedysarum boreale var. cinerascens, it became evident that the type locality reported by Nuttall in his original description of Hedysarum boreale falls within the distribution pattern of var. cinerascens instead of var. boreale. This, together with the description of the leaflets given by Nuttall as being \"partly villous,\" stimulated a renewed search for a type specimen. A type specimen was finally located in the British Museum (Natural History) and was obtained on loan (Fig. 1). Although Nuttall did not designate this particular specimen as the type, it is imperative that it be considered as such, since it appears to be the only specimen of Hedysarum boreale which was retained in Nuttail's personal herbarium until after his death in 1859 and subsequently sold to the British Museum by Thomas Booth in 1860 (Graustein 1967). It was immediately recognized that this type is indeed homologous with populations currently known as Hedysarum boreale {H. boreale ssp. boreale of Welsh 1968), but is convarietal with populations now known as var. cinerascens instead of var. boreale. The population now known as var. cinerascens appropriately becomes the typical variety, while the glabrousleafed population requires a new varietal epithet. Article 11 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Stafleu et al. 1972) states that the earliest available legitimate epithet published in the proper rank has priority. The earliest available name for this entity is H. pabulare A. Nels. var. rivulare Williams, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21:344. 1934, and thus the new combination Hedysarum boreale Nutt. var. rivulare (Williams) Northstrom is proposed. A closely related taxon, Hedysarum mackenzii, was described by Richardson (1823) as a distinct species. In recent years, however, this entity has been recog'Department of Biology, I^redo lunioi College, Laredo, Tc\\,is 78040.

Abstract: Aristolochia watsoni Wooton and Standley is shown to be the correct name forA. porphyrophylla Pfeifer, andA. lassa I. M. Johnst. the correct name forA. watsoni, sensu Pfeifer.

Abstract: Work on 'Flora Zambesiaca' and 'Flora of Southern Africa' requires us to make a decision on the identity of Bauhinia bainesii Schinz in M6m. Herb. Boiss. I: 121 (1900). In the protologue Schinz clearly cited his own collection 2061 from South West Africa, a sterile specimen now at Zuirich (Z) and undoubtedly referable to Tylosema esculentum (Burch.) Schreiber. In his discussion, however, he also referred a collection by Baines, now at Kew and known to have come from Rhodesia, to the same species. No doubt this specimen prompted the epithet bainesii, and it might be assumed that this should therefore be taken as the type of the name. The Baines collection is on two sheets, one bearing stems and flowers only and the other stems, leaves and fruit only, and is clearly referable to Tylosema fassoglense (Schweinf.) Torre & Hillcoat. Brenan, in Fl. Trop. E. Afr. Legum.-Caesalp.: 214 (1967), has given B. bainesii as a synonym of' T.fassoglensis', citing both the Baines and Schinz collections as syntypes, whereas almost simultaneously Schreiber in Prodr. Fl. S.W. Afr. 59: 20 (1967) has given it as a synonym of T. esculentum, citing only Schinz 2061 as type material. A descision on typification of the name is now necessary. It could be argued that Schreiber's citation of the Schinz specimen only could be regarded as implicit lectotypification, but it seems likely that this was unintentional and merely a reflection of editorial policy which cites types of synonyms only when they are from the Flora area. For what it is worth as a possible lectotypification, however, Schreiber's account appears to have priority, having been received at Kew on 3 March 1967 while the Fl. Trop. E. Afr. account is dated May of that year. Consideration of the protologue gives further support for typification in this sense, for Schinz stated that he had before him only a sterile specimen, which is clearly his own 2061. The detailed description given is based only on vegetative characters, evidently taken from this specimen. In his second paragraph he referred to the inflorescence, which might be thought to be derived from the Baines collection, but at the same time referred to the habit and underground parts and uses of the plant by the local tribe in South West Africa, and it is clear that these comments were based on his own field observations. None

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