Typification

Abstract: The anamorphic species Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has never been adequately typified according to modern nomenclatural practice, resulting in uncertainty as to application of the named A lectotype specimen is therefore designated to preserve current usage, with an epitype also chosen as eligible lectotype material is not preserved in a living state. The epitype strain is described and characterized using morphological and molecular methods. There are three distinct rDNA ITS sequences of the epitype strain in GENBANK, so it has been re-sequenced to confirm the true base-pair structure.

Abstract: A useful step in the study and identification of plants is the assembling of species into infrageneric groups, and this is especially so in the genus Solanum. In this genus the great number and diversity of species discourages study, yet many groups can readily be assembled within the genus which have every appearance of being natural and distinct from one another. In the past, many groups were formally recognised with a considerable redundance of names. To bring some order to the surfeit of names, names of subdivisions of the genus are reviewed here with respect to their rank, validity of publication and typification; and to clarify the relationships of taxa to one another, a provisional conspectus is presented, not as a reworking of the taxonomy of the genus so much as a framework from which nomenclatural values can be seen. The desirable sequel, designation of the limits of taxa and keys to distinguish them, must await later efforts. The present paper is one necessary step in making the parts of this important genus more accessible to study. The literature search was careful and perhaps cxhaustive, but there is the usual possibility of unexpected discoveries altering the nomenclature presented here, and in the future, especially when the flora of South America is better understood, there will be additions to the generic subdivisions noted here. Help was sought from other workers: Susan M. Coles, University of Birmingham, chose the lectotype for section Cryptocarpum; R. M. Polhill, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, chose lectotypes for African taxa, and Don Ugent, University of Southern Illinois, Carbondale, chose the lectotype for Regmandra. Roger Polhill also helped in checking bibliographic references, and R. K. Brummit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, uncovered several names overlooked by the writer. In addition to the above who helped directly in the study, the late C. V. Morton, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, and W. D. Margadant, Biohistorisch Institut der Rijksuniversiteit, Utrecht, provided advice on particular aspects of the project. Assistance from these people is gratefully acknowledged: the writer at the same time takes full responsibility for all choices and decisions not clearly attributed to others. The alphabetical listing of names indicates the first rank, place, and date of publication as well as the validity of each name published in the genus Solanum between the ranks of genus and species. This is followed by subsequent changes of rank and finally by the type species. Holotypes and automatic choices under Art. 22 of the Code are indicated as "Type species." Other choices are "Lectotype species," and if the choice is not first made here by the writer, source of the choice follows in square brackets.

Abstract: In preparation for a monograph of Macrocarpaea (Gentianaceae: Helieae), 23 new species are here described and illustrated: 1 from Colombia (M. biremis), 3 from Ecuador (M. elix, M. gattaca, and M. pringleana), and 19 from Peru (M. canoëfolia, M. dillonii, M. ericii, M. fortisiana, M. innarrabilis, M. jalca, M. kayakifolia, M. kuelap, M. kuepferiana, M. luya, M. normae, M. obnubilata, M. ostentans, M. pajonalis, M. robin-fosteri, M. tabula-fluctivagifolia, M. tahuantinsuyuana, M. wallnoeferi, and M. weigendiorum). A list of all names originally described in, or transferred to, Macrocarpaea as of year 2002 is presented. Lectotypes are selected for 12 taxa as follows: Lisianthus obtusifolius var. constrictus Griseb., Macrocarpaea bangiana Gilg, M. bogotana Gilg, M. calophylla Gilg, M. chlorantha Gilg, M. cochabambensis Gilg-Ben., M. glaziovii Gilg, M. hartii Krug & Urb., M. micrantha Gilg, M. pachyphylla Gilg, M. polyantha Gilg, and M. rubra Malme. A neotype is selected for M. duquei Gilg-Ben., and M. weberbaueri Gilg is excluded from use.