TL;DR: A meta-analysis of Cu, Zn, and Cd absorption capacities of aquatic plants is presented to provide a scientific basis for the selection of aquatic Plants suitable for remediation of heavy-metal pollution.
Abstract: The use of aquatic plants for phytoremediation is an important method for restoring polluted ecosystems. We sought to analyze the capacity of different aquatic plant species to absorb heavy metals and to summarize available relevant scientific data on this topic. We present a meta-analysis of Cu, Zn, and Cd absorption capacities of aquatic plants to provide a scientific basis for the selection of aquatic plants suitable for remediation of heavy-metal pollution. Plants from the Gramineae, Pontederiaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Typhaceae and Haloragaceae showed relatively strong abilities to absorb these metals. The ability of a particular plant species to absorb a given metal was strongly correlated with its ability to absorb the other metals. However, the absorption abilities varied with the plant organ, with the following trend: roots > stems > leaves. The pH of the water and the life habits of aquatic plants (submerged and emerged) also affect the plant's ability to absorb elements. Acidic water aids the uptake of heavy metals by plants. The correlation observed between element concentrations in plants with different aquatic life habits suggested that the enrichment mechanism is related to the surface area of the plant exposed to water. We argue that this meta-analysis would aid the selection of aquatic plants suitable for heavy-metal absorption from polluted waters.
TL;DR: The hypothesis that oxygen release by Cladium is accompanied by internal deficiencies of oxygen sufficient to stimulate alcoholic fermentation and helps explain Cladium's lesser flood tolerance in comparison with Typha is supported.
TL;DR: Morphogenetic pulsations in the intercalary meristem of the leaf of Typha latifolia (Typhaceae) produce regular alternating sequences of vascular and stellate-celled diaphragms separated at first by rib-meristem derivatives.
Abstract: Morphogenetic pulsations in the intercalary meristem of the leaf of Typha latifolia (Typhaceae) produce regular alternating sequences of vascular and stellate-celled diaphragms separated at first by rib-meristem derivatives. The collapse of these derivatives in the region of elongation in and above the intercalary meristem, and the separation of the diaphragms from each other, produce a mature compartmentalized leaf, the compartments bridged by porous
TL;DR: The present study was undertaken to determine the tissue and organ specificity and the amount of starch storage during the overwinter period (late fall to early spring) in Typha latifolia, as implicated by McNaughton (1966).
Abstract: Histochemical determinations for storage of carbohydrates in rhizomes, roots, and young shoots of Typha latifolia L. (Typhaceae) were conducted during the overwintering period from November to April. Early winter analysis showed that rhizomes and roots contained large amounts of starch (45.03% and 22.80% dry weight, respectively). The major storage tissue was parenchyma of the rhizome central core. From winter into spring a gradual decrease in storage starch in the rhizome and root occurred concurrently with starch accumulation near zones of rapid development in young shoots (buds), but the rhizome retained much starch (27.40%o dry weight) into the start of its 2nd yr. HIGH LEVELS of productivity have been reported in various cattail species by Bernard and Bernard (1973, 1977), Boyd (1970), Boyd and Hess (1970), McNaughton (1966), and Westlake (1965). After McNaughton (1966) implicated the underground organs of Typha latifolia as winter storage organs, Fiala (1971) related changes in growth of 1- and 2-yr clonal emergent shoots in T. latifolia to changes in rhizome biomass during the growing season (late spring to early fall). Since there was so little information relating stored energy sources to tissue localization, the present study was undertaken to determine the tissue and organ specificity and the amount of starch storage during the overwinter period (late fall to early spring) in Typha latifolia, as implicated by McNaughton (1966).