TL;DR: Two distinct optical processes that contribute to the exceptional visual attraction of the male Troides magellanus depend on the same optical device: a one-dimensional microribs grating which appear on the sides of the ridges that run along the yellow scales.
Abstract: The male Troides magellanus--a birdwing butterfly that lives in a restricted area of the Philippines--concentrates on its hindwings at least two distinct optical processes that contribute to its exceptional visual attraction The first is the very bright uniform yellow coloration caused by a pigment which generates yellow-green fluorescence, and the other is a blue-green iridescence which results from light diffraction at grazing emergence under a specific illumination Detailed optical measurements reveal that these optical effects are correlated, the fluorescence being enhanced by illuminations conditions that favor the occurrence of the iridescence These effects are analyzed, with the conclusion that both of them depend on the same optical device: a one-dimensional microribs grating which appear on the sides of the ridges that run along the yellow scales
TL;DR: The Troides magellanus butterfly exhibits a specialized iridescence that is visible only when its hind wings are both illuminated and viewed at near-grazing incidence, producing a characteristic effect.
Abstract: The Troides magellanus butterfly exhibits a specialized iridescence that is visible only when its hind wings are both illuminated and viewed at near-grazing incidence. The effect is due to the presence of a constrained bigrating structure in its wing scales that has been previously observed in only one other species of butterfly (Ancyluris meliboeus). However, whereas the Ancyluris presents wide-angle flickering iridescence, the Troides butterfly uses pigmentary coloration at all but a narrow tailored range of angles, producing a characteristic effect.