Triangular interval

Abstract: Compressive neuropathies of the radial nerve are less common than those of the median and ulnar nerves The annual incidence of all radial nerve entrapments combined is approximately 0003 % [1] Compressive neuropathies of the median and ulnar nerves occur 100 times and 10 times more frequently, respectively [2, 3] Nevertheless, radial nerve entrapment does occur and can produce significant patient morbidity Most commonly this occurs in the form of radial tunnel syndrome (RTS), posterior interosseus nerve (PIN) entrapment or Wartenberg’s syndrome RTS and PIN entrapment are both compressive neuropathies of the PIN, while Wartenberg’s syndrome results from compression of the superficial sensory branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) Although these are the most common clinical entities, radial nerve entrapment can occur at nearly any point along its course, such as at the level of the latissimus tendon, triangular interval, intermuscular septum and triceps [4–6] These less common possibilities will not be reviewed here but should be remembered in clinical practice

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a triangular wave generating circuit capable of generating an accurate intermittent triangular wave signal without waveform distortion SOLUTION: The triangular wave generating circuit 1 comprising: a rectangular wave generating circuit 111 for generating an intermittent rectangular wave signal wherein a rectangular wave interval and a DC interval with a prescribed level are repeated; and an integration circuit 12 for generating an intermittent triangular wave signal wherein a triangular interval and a DC interval are repeated on the basis of a reference signal and the intermittent rectangular wave signal generated by the rectangular wave generating circuit 111, includes a triangle wave correction circuit 112 for correcting waveform distortion of the intermittent triangular wave signal on the basis of a difference voltage between a start point and an end point of the DC interval of the intermittent triangular wave signal outputted from the integration circuit 12 COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Abstract: Introduction To date, only scant data has been reported regarding the anatomy of the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery and their relationships while within the triangular interval of the posterior arm. As this area has recently gained attention for using motor branches of the triceps muscle for nerve transfers, the present study was conducted. Materials and methods Fifteen adult cadavers (30 sides) underwent dissection, observation and quantitation of their triangular intervals and its contents. The relationship between the profunda brachii and radial nerve in the proximal one half and distal one half of this area was documented. Results The length of the triangular interval had a mean of 6 cm and the width of this area was on average 2.5 cm. Within the triangular interval, we identified on average, 2.5 arterial branches and 2.3 nerve branches from the profunda brachii and radial nerve, respectively. The maximal number of branches of either the artery or nerve within this geometric region was five. In the proximal one half of this area, 75% of the arteries were found anterior to the radial nerve whereas in the distal one half of the interval most nerves were flanked by arterial branches on both medial and lateral sides. Not all branches of the profunda brachii artery were muscular in this region as some were found to supply the adjacent radial nerve. Communication between the profundi brachii artery in the triangular interval and the posterior humeral circumflex artery was found on two left sides (6.7%). Conclusions We hope that these anatomical data may be useful to the surgeon who utilizes branches of the proximal radial nerve for neurotization procedures or branches of the profunda brachii for flap procedures.

Abstract: This case report describes a 57-year-old female who experienced symptoms of scapular pain with pain radiating into the right upper extremity. Initial medical referral suggested, nerve entrapment of a cervical origin. However, the patient did not fit the clinical prediction rule for cervical radiculopathy. Radial nerve bias was positive without cervical provocation, with symptom reproduction at the lateral scapular area. Treatment addressed mechanical dysfunction at the triangular interval formed by the teres major and triceps, comprising manual therapy, neural mobilization, corrective exercise and pain modalities. Reduction in symptoms was observed with a decrease in right scapular and arm pain and improved radial nerve mobility. The triangular interval is described as a predominant contributor to the symptomatology secondary to entrapment and adverse neural tension of the radial nerve. The anatomical and physiological basis is enumerated.