TL;DR: This article used a two-action method in which a treadle could be operated by a pigeon in one of two distinctive ways with its beak by pecking or with its foot by stepping.
Abstract: Providing evidence for imitative learning in animals has been made difficult by the need to control for a number of possible nonimitation accounts (e.g., mere presence of another animal, attention drawn to a location, attention drawn to an object being manipulated) that often have not been recognized in previous research In the present experiment we used a version of the two-action method in which a treadle could be operated by a pigeon in one of two distinctive ways with its beak by pecking or with its foot by stepping What is unique in this experiment is not only the distinct response topographies, but also that both responses have the same effect on the environment (depression of the treadle followed by food reward) When pigeons that had observed one of the two response topographies were given access to the treadle, a significant correspondence was found between the topography of the observers responses and that of their respective demonstrators' responses
TL;DR: A series of intermittently operable air pumps taking the form, for example, of transversely collapsible tubes or piston and cylinder assemblies, are located in recesses of a surface along which recurrent traffic moves, e.g., a factory floor subject to foot traffic and vehicular traffic, a highway, a sidewalk, or a floor along which a conveyor travels as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A series of intermittently operable air pumps taking the form, for example, of transversely collapsible tubes or piston and cylinder assemblies, are located in recesses of a surface along which recurrent traffic moves, e.g., a factory floor subject to foot traffic and vehicular traffic, a highway, a sidewalk, or a surface along which a conveyor travels. Depressible actuating panels or treadles are operated by the traffic to in turn squeeze the tubes or move the pistons through pumping strokes, the tubes or pistons returning to their normal positions at the conclusion of such pumping strokes via yieldable means or otherwise. During such return action, the pumps operate through suction strokes such as to draw in a new supply of fluid, e.g. the ambient air, in readiness for the next operation of the actuating treadle by the traffic. Suitable check valves are employed to prevent retrograde movement of the fluid and special booster apparatus may be employed if necessary to ultimately achieve the desired energy output necessary to drive the selected equipment.
TL;DR: In this article, a motivational exercise stepping machine has a pair of independently operable pivoting treadles for operation by a user's feet, each of which is connected to its own hydraulic cylinder device which provides resistance to downward movement of the treadle by a combination of fluid flow resistance and a biasing means.
Abstract: A motivational exercise stepping machine has a pair of independently operable pivoting treadles for operation by a user's feet. Each treadle is connected to its own hydraulic cylinder device which provides resistance to downward movement of the treadle by a combination of fluid flow resistance and a biasing means. The treadle is biased upwardly by the biasing means. Fluid flow resistance is controlled to be less for upward movement than for downward movement of each treadle to permit the user to step at any desirable pace, yet motivate the user to maintain that pace.
TL;DR: In this article, an exercise device that generally includes two treadles pivotally connected with a frame so that the treadles may pivot up and down about an axis is presented, and each treadle includes a tread belt that provides a moving surface like a treadmill.
Abstract: The present invention provides an exercise device that generally includes two treadles pivotally connected with a frame so that the treadles may pivot up and down about an axis. Each treadle includes a tread belt that provides a moving surface like a treadmill. Each tread belt is supported by a front roller and a rear roller, which is common to both treadles. The treadles are interconnected to provide an alternating upward and downward movement relative to each other. Opposing end portions of the rear roller are rotatably supported at the rear end of the frame. Outer sides of rear end portions of the treadles are rotatably supported by the outer end portions of the rear roller, and inner sides of rear end portions of the treadles are coupled with the frame through an inner support structure that defines a virtual pivot.
TL;DR: In this article, a programmable industrial sewing machine is adapted to learn and store, in Automatic Learn or Key Learn modes of operation, a series of sewing machine operations for later automatic duplication.
Abstract: A programmable industrial sewing machine adapted to learn and store, in Automatic Learn or Key Learn Modes of operation, a series of sewing machine operations for later automatic duplication. In both modes of operation provision is made for an operator to select the number of initial and final locking stitches prior to commencing stitching operations. Operator actuated controls, such as knee shift device and foot treadle, operate identically in both Learn Modes of operation and as they would operate in a normal manual industrial sewing machine. In the Automatic Learn Mode of operation, a record is compiled in segments, consisting each of a stitch count, a pivot delay time, and a speed copy. In appropriate circumstance, the pivot delay time may be zero. Various positions of the foot treadle, including the neutral and heel position, elicit an appropriate response by means of a computer to effect a recording of a logical series of stitching operations for later automatic reproduction with operator guidance of a work material. In the Key Learn Mode of operation, provision is made for operator imposition of sewing speeds and pivot delay times to facilitate, for example, a rapid record production for automatic operation of the sewing machine at a slower rate of speed with an inexperienced operator.