Transducing Unit

Abstract: A probing device includes a minute probe in which at least an end portion is formed by conductive material, a cantilever having one end to which the probe is attached, and another end fixed to a moving member movable relatively to a sample in each direction of X, Y and Z, a unit for moving the moving member relatively to the sample, a transducing unit for generating information of voltage or current by means of light, a connecting unit having a low electric resistance, for connecting the transducing unit and the end portion of the probe, a detecting unit for detecting a change in a physical amount occurring in the cantilever by a force caused between the probe and the sample by a relative proximity of the moving member to the sample, and a voltage measuring unit for measuring a voltage at a measurement point on the sample, which is determined based on an output of the detecting unit, by way of the transducing unit when the probe is contacted with the measurement point. By the constitution, it is possible to realize a voltage measurement with both an enhanced space resolution and an enhanced time resolution. Also, by using the probing device in an integrated circuit testing apparatus or system, it is possible to realize a stable probing to a minute wiring without increasing an electrical load with respect to the minute wiring and thus contribute to an improvement in the precision of a voltage measurement.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for transducing signals with respect to record cards, first by recording signals representing document information on selected tracks of a record card and thereafter by selectively reproducing the signal information recorded on selected tracks of the cards. In a preferred form, the information record is in the form of full frame video picture signals capable of generating still monitorable images on the screen of a cathode ray tube. The signals are so generated and recording is selectively controlled and effected that a full frame vodeo picture signal occupies a single track of a plurality of such tracks extending parallel to each other along most of the length of the card. A single transducing unit is provided capable of recording full frame video signals on selected tracks of a card and of coding the tracks. The unit contains a mount for magnetic heads which mount is movable in a plurality of directions to bring the heads into alignment with a selected card track and then to move the information signal transducing head parallel to and along the selected track to effect transducing relative thereto. An automatic control system is provided permitting recording on selected tracks of a card including automatic recording on the first unrecorded track appearing to a magnetic recording head as it moves or the first unrecorded track of a selected group of a plurality of track groups.