Townsend

Abstract: In essays on literary images of lesbianism from Defoe and Diderot to Virginia Woolf and Djuna Barnes, on the homosexual reputation of Marie Antoinette, on the lesbian writings of Anne Lister, Sylvia Townsend Warner, and Janet Flanner, and on Henry James's The Bostonians, Castle shows how a lesbian presence can be identified in the literature, history, and culture of the past three centuries.

Abstract: The Package Deal: Marriage, Work, and Fatherhood in Men's Lives. Nicholas W. Townsend. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 2002. 248 pp. ISBN 1-56639-958-0. $19.95 (paper). ISBN: 1-56639-957-2. $64.50 (cloth). The questions raised for scholars of fatherhood by recent trends in the intersection of work and family are well known: Why aren't fathers taking women's increased workforce participation as an opportunity to reduce their commitment to work and increase their commitment to housework and child care? Why do fathers' connections to their children typically attenuate in the aftermath of divorce and the father's departure from the household? Cultural anthropologist Nicholas W. Townsend argues that the prevailing answers to these questions fall short because they are partial and decontextualized. The premise of The Package Deal: Marriage, Work, and Fatherhood in Men's Lives is that to understand and help shape contemporary fatherhood, we need to know what fatherhood means to men. Central to these meanings, Townsend argues, are dominant cultural values that link hegemonic masculinity with pervasive images of fatherhood, creating ideals that all fathers must attend to, regardless of their ability (or desire) to live up to them. Understanding fatherhood from fathers' perspectives, then, becomes a task of exploring how "dominant cultural values about fatherhood are embodied and negotiated in individual lives" (p. 29). To this end, Townsend focuses on a group of men who graduated from the same Northern California high school in 1972, and he produces an analysis that is part case study, part ethnography, and part narrative analysis. The core data source is in-depth interviews about the meaning and practice of fatherhood with a racially and ethnically representative sample of 39 fathers from the graduating class. The core interviews are supplemented by couple interviews, interviews with others (e.g., female classmates, former teachers), observation, and a detailed portrait of the demographic and socioeconomic trends that have shaped the area over the last 50 years. The interview data are analyzed as narratives, and Townsend examines them with just the right balance of skepticism and sympathy. He appreciates that inconsistencies in accounts often signal "strains and conflicts in [the men's] values and their lives" (p. 28), and this is where context comes in. Combining the interview data rich contextual information, Townsend shows how the challenges and choices these fathers face can be traced to contradictions between dominant cultural values about fatherhood and economic and social realities. The dominant cultural notion of fatherhood for men of this era, he says, is the "package deal"; fatherhood is just one part of "successful" manhood, which also includes marriage, steady work, and home ownership. …

Abstract: Introduction to "Essays toward a Steady-State Economy", Herman E. Daly. Part 1 Ecology - ultimate means and biophysical constraints: introduction, Herman E. Daly and Kenneth N. Townsend why isn't everyone as scared as we are?, Paul R. Ehrlich and Anne H. Ehrlich availability, entropy, and the laws of thermodynamics, Paul R. Ehrlich, et al the entropy law and the economic problem, Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen exponential growth as a transient phenomenon in human history, M. King Hubbert the tragedy of the Commons, Garrett Hardin second thoughts on "The Tragedy of the Commons", Garrett Hardin. Part 2 Ethics - the ultimate end and value constraints: introduction, Herman E. Daly and Kenneth N. Townsend the age of plenty - a christian view. E.F. Schumacher Buddhist economics, E.F. Schumacher the purpose of wealth - a historical perspective, Gerald Alonzo Smith ecology, ethics, and theology, John Cobb the abolition of man, C.S. Lewis. Part 3 Economics - interaction of ends and means: introduction, Herman E. Daly and Kenneth N. Townsend on economics as a life science, Herman E. Daly sustainable growth - an impossibility theorem, Herman E. Daly steady-state economies and the command economy, Kenneth N. Townsend the economics of the coming spaceshihp earth, Kenneth E. Boulding spaceship earth revisited, Kenneth E. Boulding using economic incentives to maintain our environment, T.H. Tietenberg the steady-state economy - toward a political economy of biophysical equilibrium and moral growth, Herman E. Daly postscript - some common misunderstandings and further issues concering a steady-state economy, Herman E. Daly.

Abstract: Given that one of the goals of public health policy in Quebec and Canada is to reduce social inequalities in health and welfare, it is surprising, to say the least, that most information systems in this field make no mention of people's socio-economic characteristics. The present article proposes an index to reflect the material and social dimensions of deprivation as this concept has been developed by Peter Townsend and other authors. The article describes the method used to create the index, which uses census data and tools developed by Statistics Canada to match postal codes with enumeration areas. Examples are provided of the use of the index in information systems covering three aspects of health and welfare in Quebec: deaths, hospitalizations and births. The value of the information provided by this index in planning health and social services is demonstrated.