Abstract: The response surface method is always used in optimization problems such as the optimization of vehicle suspensions because of its efficiency. A sparse response surface (SRS) is proposed to represent a double wishbone suspension model constructed from a few non-adaptive sampling points. One set of sampling points can be applied to all response surfaces. In this problem, four variations of the front wheel positioning parameters are considered as the optimization objectives, and four parameters are considered as the design variables. Four SRS models with four variables are constructed from 60 sampling points. The interior point method is employed to optimize the problem. The optimization results show that the objective of the camber angle reduces from to , the objective of the caster angle increases from to , the objective of the kingpin inclination angle reduced from to , and the objective of the toe angle increases from to .

Abstract: The invention discloses a vehicle front wheel toe-in detection device based on laser ranging, and relates to the technical field of vehicle front wheel toe-in detection. The vehicle front wheel toe-indetection device comprises a projection mechanism and a receiving mechanism, wherein the projection mechanism consists of a first magnetic seat, a first fixed support frame and a laser ranging instrument; the first fixed support frame is clamped and matched on the upper end of the first magnetic seat; the laser ranging instrument is fixed in the middle of the first fixed support frame; the receiving mechanism consists of a second magnetic seat, a second fixed support frame and a measuring plate; the second fixed support frame is clamped and matched on the upper end of the second magnetic seat; and the measuring plate is fixed in the middle of the second fixed support frame. The invention also discloses a vehicle front wheel toe-in detection method based on laser ranging. The method comprises the following steps of 1, reference point marking; 2, positioning and installation; 3, first-time measurement; 4, second-time measurement; and 5, result calculation. The vehicle front wheel toe-indetection device consists of two parts including the projection mechanism and the receiving mechanism; the structure is simple; the manufacturing price is low; the mounting and the dismounting of thefirst magnetic seat, the second magnetic seat and a vehicle wheel hub are very convenient; high installation flexibility is realized; and the operation is simple.

Abstract: Background: The influence of lower extremity structural alignment on foot progression angle (FPA) and toe-out angle (TOA) has been measured, however foot structure has not been included in this analysis. No studies to our knowledge have assessed the influence of lower quarter structure on standing toe-out angle or during dynamic tasks such as squatting. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the potential influence of longitudinal arch angle (LAA) and weight-bearing dorsiflexion in addition to passive hip internal rotation (HIR) and thigh foot angle (TFA) on the following activities: standing TOA, FPA (walking TOA), forward arm squat TOA, and barbell back squat TOA. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 37 participants (19 male; 18 female) who lacked a history of lower extremity injury were recruited from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Each participant reported a score of seven or greater on the Tegner activity scale and had previous experience with squatting tasks. The following measurements were taken for each participant: height, weight, hip internal rotation, thigh foot angle, longitudinal arch angle, weight-bearing dorsiflexion, hip width, static toe-out angle and stance width; toe-out angle, stance width and squat depth during a forward arm squat; toe-out angle, stance width and squat depth during a barbell back squat; standing hip height, and foot progression angle. Results: HIR exhibited a significant correlation with TOA/FPA in each of the four models: static stance TOA, FPA, forward arm squat TOA, and barbell back squat TOA. HIR alone explained 15% and 24% of the variance associated with standing TOA and FPA, respectively. HIR and TFA explained 25% of the variance associated with TOA in a forward arm squat. HIR, TFA, and LAA explained 43% of the variance associated with TOA in a barbell back squat. On average, participants exhibited a positive TOA and FPA. Furthermore, average stance width and TOA increased from standing TOA to forward arm squat TOA to barbell back squat TOA. Conclusion: HIR was the most consistent structural predictor for TOA and FPA. Thigh foot angle was influential during a forward arm and barbell back squat. LAA was only associated with TOA during a barbell back squat which may be explained by participants naturally preparing for a loaded movement. Ankle dorsiflexion does not appear to influence TOA/FPA. Clinical Relevance: This study provides data on a specific population of young adult athletes. It shows that a positive TOA and FPA is widely preferred among participants, and stance width and TOA adapts to the task performed. Foot arch height is not a predictor of TOA or FPA and does not need to be included in an analysis of FPA. Finally, due to the overwhelming preference of a positive TOA during squatting tasks, clinicians and researchers alike should consider having participants squat in a natural, preferred stance. Table of

Abstract: FIELD: miningSUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to mining and can be used in stimulating the formation Disclosed is a sleeve for well toe with possibility of repeated closing, said sleeve has hole to allow access of fluid medium from inner volume of sleeve to be drilled into zone outside said sleeve Bursting disc is installed inside the hole to prevent access of fluid medium from the internal volume of the coupling for the well toe to the zone outside the sleeve for the well toe At the same time, when the fluid in the inner space of the sleeve reaches the preset level of the well, the rupture disc is removed or otherwise modified to provide access of the fluid medium through the hole Sliding coupling is installed in sleeve for well toe so that sliding coupling can move to close hole, wherein preventing access of fluid medium from inner volume of sleeve for well toe into zone outside of sleeve for well toe, or sliding clutch can move for opening of hole, while providing access to fluid medium from inner volume of sleeve for well toe in zone outside of sleeve for well toe Sliding coupling moves mechanically from the surface and is usually lowered into the well in the open position; at that, the hole is not closed by the sliding couplingEFFECT: technical result consists in providing the possibility of re-sealing access to the well25 cl, 6 dwg

Abstract: The invention provides an active adjustment device of a double-wishbone suspension. The active adjustment device comprises a steering knuckle, a steering rocker arm, an upper cross arm and a lower cross arm and further comprises a camber angle adjustment mechanism, a toe angle adjustment mechanism and a control system. The camber angle adjustment mechanism is arranged between the steering knuckleand the upper cross arm, and a first sensor is used for detecting the size of a current camber angle. The control system adjusts the camber angle through the camber angle adjustment mechanism according to the size of the current camber angle. One end of the toe angle adjustment mechanism is connected with the steering rocker arm, and the other end of the toe angle adjustment mechanism is connectedwith a steering knuckle arm. A second sensor is used for detecting the size of a current toe angle. The control system adjusts the toe angle through the toe angle adjustment mechanism according to the size of the current toe angle. The camber angle and the toe angle of the double-wishbone suspension can be dynamically adjusted, and the different requirements for the camber angle and the toe angleunder different working conditions are met.

Abstract: Toe-in and camber of the wheel are important driving performance parameters in the four-wheel positioning parameters of automobile. In this paper, the mathematical geometrical models of toe-in and camber of the first and second bridges of the double-front-axle automobile are established, concluded that the relationship of toe-in and camber between the first bridge and the second bridge. At the same time, based on the side slip mechanism of the tire, the reasonable matching formula for toe-in and camber of the double-front-axle are concluded. Finally, according to the dynamic model established in the Adams/Car, the matching values of toe-in and camber are simulated and verified. The experimental results show that the matching value is reasonable and effective, for the matching of toe-in and camber of double-front-axle steering wheel has a certain guiding role.

Abstract: The utility model discloses a portable measuring instrument for field measurement of a vehicle front wheel toe-in The device comprises a first wheel hub, a second wheel hub, a positioning hole, a first magnet sheet, a positioning column, a laser range finder bracket, a laser range finder, a switch button, a second magnet sheet, a measuring plate bracket, a measuring plate and a central marking point, a second hub is correspondingly mounted on one side of the first hub; a positioning hole is formed in the inner surface of the first hub; according to the front wheel toe-in measuring device, thefirst magnet piece, the second magnet piece, the laser range finder and the measuring plate are used in cooperation, a front wheel toe-in can be measured conveniently, and measured data are accurate;the measuring instrument is low in manufacturing cost, simple in structure, convenient to operate, high in positioning precision, small in size and convenient to carry outdoors, and has certain market application value

Abstract: Purpose This study considers the five factors of a car rotation system: angle (F1), arm length (F2), toe in and out (F3), width (F4) and length (F5). The purpose of this paper is to fine tune the design so it produces the smoothest response to various rotation angles. Design/methodology/approach In the case of Ackerman’s principle, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze data when encountering different quality characteristics at various rotation angles. Findings In this study, RSM was used to obtain the best factor and the best reaction value for the five factors of a car rotation system. Practical implications In this study, the four-wheel steering of a car is taken as an example. When the current wheel is turned, the intersection of the left and right wheels of the front axle falls on the extension line of the rear wheel. In this case, the steering will be the smoothest. In this example, we selected angle (F1), arm length (F2), toe in and out (F3), width (F4) and length (F5) as experimental factors, hoping to satisfy the Ackerman principle. Social implications Traditionally, when dealing with four-wheel steering problems, solutions may be based on past experience or on new information used to formulate R&D plans. In this study, the combination of statistical factors and optimization is used to find the optimal combination of factors and the relationship between factors. Originality/value In the past, most literature relied on kinematics to study the car rotation system due to a lack of experimental design and analysis concepts. However, this study aims to achieve the above goals in finding the solution, which can be used to predict reaction values.

Abstract: A spoke angle deviation amount measuring system (2) includes a first to fourth support units (21) to (24) configured to support rotatably a first to fourth tires (11) to (14), respectively. Shaft portions (31d) of the support units (21) to (24) are positioned by positioning caps (55) after a vehicle (3) is moved to a measuring position with a steering wheel (4) positioned neutral. With the tires (11) to (14) inclined at a toe angle with respect to a front-and-rear direction, when the vehicle (3) is caused to travel forwards, lateral stress is exerted on the support units (21) to (24), whereby the support units (21) to (24) turn about the corresponding shaft portions (31d). An angle sensor (40) detects turning angles of the support units (21) to (24). A control device (27) calculates a spoke angle deviation amount based on the detected turning angles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining parameters of the vehicle geometry of wheels of a non-articulated axis, to the use of said method, to a test stand for a vehicle and a measuring unit The method relates to determining parameters of the vehicle geometry of the wheels of the rear axle of a vehicle from measurements of the toe angle in two measuring positions of the vehicle in the test state which are offset counter to each other in the x-direction Thus, a wheel runout compensation is carried out The thus determined vehicle axis can be used to adjust the driver assistance system and also to adjust the parameters of the vehicle geometry of the articulated wheels of the front axis A measuring unit can be constructed such that several parallel lines for generating a flat pattern are generated by a parallel shifting of a sensor in the x-direction, which emits linear light with a line Said type of line-shaped sensor can be replaced by a sensor having a punctiform light source, through which a line is scanned

Abstract: A toe angle control system for a vehicle, includes: an actuator having an output part configured to receive a driving force of an electric motor via a gear transmission mechanism and to be displaced by the driving force such that a displacement of the output part varies a toe angle of a wheel; and a controller controlling the electric motor, wherein the controller is configured to calculate an operation quantity of the electric motor, and, when the controller determines that a current displacement direction of the output part and a displacement direction of the output part corresponding to the operation quantity are opposite to each other, the controller corrects the operation quantity to reduce the operation quantity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vehicle toe-in camber torque monitoring method and a monitoring system utilizing the method. The method comprises steps that S1, a vehicle enters a wheel positioning system,and a vehicle model is identified by a control system; S2, an operation guidance interface is transmitted by the control system to an operation display; S3, a corresponding wrench is selected by an operator according to an instruction of the control system; S4, toe-in camber nuts are tightened in turn by the operator based on the operation guidance interface; S5, after a single torque point reaches a torque value range, the operation guidance interface is transferred to a next torque point to guide the operator to continue operation; and S6, after tightening is completed, tightening data of the vehicle is saved by the control system to a server. The method is advantaged in that a torque value of the vehicle in the toe-in camber tightening process can be effectively monitored, standard operation of the operator is guided, that the torque reaches the set standard range is guaranteed, and that no defective products flow out is guaranteed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wheel support or a pivot bearing of a vehicle, having a receiving molding (4) for a ball-joint pin (3A) of a track rod (2) for changing the toe angle of a wheel rotatably secured to the wheel support or pivot bearing. The receiving molding (4) is provided with an elastomer layer (6) which lies at least partly in a force transmission path from the ball-joint pin (3A) to the wheel support or pivot bearing. The elasticity or possible elastic deformability of the elastomer layer (6) is preferably lower in the receiving molding (4) sections via which a greater force component is transmitted, in particular in the range of smaller toe angles, when the track rod (2) is moved in order to steer the wheel than in receiving molding (4) sections via which a smaller force component or no force component is transmitted when the track rod (2) is moved in order to steer the wheel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steering actuator and a vehicle. The steering actuator (30) has a pressing portion (ball 74) that is movable between the screw grooves (72) of a worm (70); a guide portion (guide groove 98) that can guide the ball (74) between the thread grooves (72) in a movable range (100) in the axial direction (Y direction) of the worm (70); and a force applying mechanism (76) that overcomes the pressing of the ball (74) to force the ball (74). The force applying mechanism (76) is configured free from the pressing of the ball (74) in movable range (100), including a partial range (non-contact range 104) of the neutral position (Pn) corresponding to the neutral state of a front toe angle (thetar(theta1)). In this way, a mechanical structure by which the front toe angle of thewheel is close to the neutral state is provided, and a decrease in responsiveness in the vicinity of the neutral state is supressed.

Abstract: The twist axle assembly includes a cross beam that extends along a length between opposite ends, and a pair of trailing arms are fixedly attached with the opposite ends. A spindle plate is fixedly attached with each of the trailing arms. For each spindle plate and trailing arm combination, the spindle plate and trailing arm are provided with cooperating orbital adjustment features which allow an orientation of the spindle plate relative to the trailing arm to be adjusted prior to the spindle plate being fixedly attached with the trailing arm for allowing preselection of a camber angle, a caster angle, and a toe angle for a wheel to be coupled with the spindle plate.

Abstract: The invention discloses a measuring method for a toe angle of a car, which establishes a new measuring device for the toe angle of the car, and uses the device to perform measurement. The method comprises the following steps of: during measuring, separately emitting line lasers from two sides to the opposite side, collecting the data by the opposite cameras, and sending the data to a measuring unit for measurement and calculation; starting the working of the cameras; acquiring the current images of the cameras for processing; acquiring the images once from the cameras for processing after theprocessing is completed, and so on; calculating the threshold value of the monochromatic light component of each image by extracting a maximum monochromatic light component of the acquired image everytime; selecting N rows of pixel points on a projection surface, sequentially dividing the pixel points of each row according to the threshold value, and obtaining the divided effective pixel points in each row; calculating the center position of the effective pixel points by using the effective pixel points; and calculating the offset distance of the line laser projections by using the central position, so as to calculate the offset angle. The calculation method is rapid and simple, and has high precision.

Abstract: The present invention relates to socks with a toe separation band. The socks with a toe separation band combine a toe separation band (20) of the elastic material with a toe separation function with a tip end portion of the wearer′s toe in conventional socks. The toe separation band (20) is coupled to a sock body at both ends and the central portion and has two toe through holes (50) between the sock body (10) and the toe separation band (20), wherein the formed two toes through holes (50) have a function of accommodating a second toe (42) and a fourth toe (44), respectively, thereby separating the entire toes to be worn. In addition, the elastic toe separation band (20) is usually formed in close contact with the sock body (10) and provides a choice which can be worn in the same way as the conventional socks when the wearer does not use the toe separation function. According to the present invention, the present invention has the same appearance as the conventional socks. The wearer is provided with the convenience of using the present invention as the conventional socks without using the separation function or with using the separation function selectively to each toe by the choice of the wearer.