Topic
Titermax
About: Titermax is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 66 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2915 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: Analysis of antibody isotypes specific for Abeta indicates that alum induces primarily T(h)2-type immune response, whereas TMG, CFA and QS21 shift the immune responses toward a T( h)1 phenotype.
Abstract: The role of adjuvant on the T(h)1 and T(h)2 immune responses to Abeta-immunotherapy (Abeta(42 )peptide) was examined in wild-type mice. Fine epitope analysis with overlapping oligomers of the Abeta(42) sequence identified the 1-15 region as a dominant B cell epitope. The 6-20 peptide was recognized only weakly by antisera from mice administrated with Abeta(42) peptide formulated in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), alum or TiterMax Gold (TMG). However, mice immunized with Abeta(42) mixed with QS21 induced a significant antibody response to the 6-20 peptide. The only T cell epitope found was within the 6-28 sequence of Abeta(42). QS21 and CFA induced the strongest humoral response to Abeta, alum was intermediate, and TMG the weakest adjuvant. Analysis of antibody isotypes specific for Abeta indicates that alum induces primarily T(h)2-type immune response, whereas TMG, CFA and QS21 shift the immune responses toward a T(h)1 phenotype. Stimulation of splenocytes from Abeta-immunized mice with Abeta(40) peptide induced strikingly different cytokine expression profiles. QS21 and CFA induced significant IFN-gamma, IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression, whereas alum induced primarily IL-4 production. As T(h)1-type immune responses have been implicated in many autoimmune disorders, whereas T(h)2-type responses have been shown to inhibit autoimmune disease, the choice of adjuvant may be critical for the design of a safe and effective immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease.
335 citations
Book•
1 Jan 1995
TL;DR: Partial table of contents: Freund-Type Mineral Oil Adjuvant Emulsions, Synthetic Lipoid Compounds as Antigen-Specific Immunostimulators for Improving the Efficacy of Killed-Virus Vaccines, and Adjuvants in AIDS Vaccines.
Abstract: Partial table of contents: Freund-Type Mineral Oil Adjuvant Emulsions (D. Stewart-Tull). Aluminium Adjuvants (E. Lindblad). Synthetic Lipoid Compounds as Antigen-Specific Immunostimulators for Improving the Efficacy of Killed-Virus Vaccines (D. Katz, et al.). Copolymer Adjuvants and Titermax (R. Hunter, et al.). Saponins (J. Campbell). Immune Stimulating Complexes with Quil A (K. Dalsgaard, et al.). Liposomes as Immunological Adjuvants (G. Gregoriadis). Syntex Adjuvant Formulation (N. Byars & A. Allison). Muramyl Dipeptides with Special Attention to TNF (M. Parant). Lipid A (M. Nakano & M. Matsuura). Adjuvants in AIDS Vaccines (R. Bomford). Index.
246 citations
TL;DR: Immunization of CBA/CaHNJ Xid mice with PsaA using either complete Freund's or TiterMax adjuvants significantly protected mice against heterologous intravenous challenge with type 3 pneumococcal strain WU2 at doses up to 45 times the LD50.
168 citations
TL;DR: There was a strong correlation between the antibodies induced against MUC1 and GD3 with different immunological adjuvants and the strength of the IFN-gamma release against KLH, which suggests that the primary role of adjuvant in the context of these conjugate vaccines may be induction of higher levels of T-cell immunity against KLh, which then leads to higher levels antibody against the conjugated antigens.
128 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that combinations of immunological adjuvants are able to augment antibody and T-cell responses to these conjugates beyond that attainable with QS-21 alone, and again confirm the absolute necessity of potent adjuvant or adjuvant combinations for optimal immunogenicity with conjugate vaccines.
112 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 3 |
| 2019 | 1 |
| 2017 | 5 |
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2014 | 2 |
| 2012 | 3 |