TL;DR: This article investigated the relationship between recycling policy options and recycling behavior to study the most effective methods of diverting post-consumer waste from landfills, and found that user fees on garbage collection have significant impacts on recycling levels for all materials except toxic chemicals.
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the relationship between recycling policy options and recycling behavior to study the most effective methods of diverting post-consumer waste from landfills. We employ data from a unique, micro-data set collected from households in communities across Ontario, Canada. We estimate the relationships between several commonly recycled materials (newsprint, glass, plastics, aluminum cans, tin cans, cardboard, and toxic chemicals) and individual household characteristics, recycling program attributes, and garbage collection financing methods. We find that user fees on garbage collection have significant impacts on recycling levels for all materials except toxic chemicals, and mandatory recycling programs on particular items have significant effects on recycling for almost all materials. Limits on the amount of garbage that can be placed at the curb, and providing free units under user fee systems, however, generally have a negligible or detrimental impact on recycling.
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study of tin and tungsten demand in Spain during the First World War and Second World War was presented, showing that tin and Tungsten, identified as strategic, was extracted in Spain throughout 20th century, in the process becoming the most important supplier for Germany during Second World war.
TL;DR: The tin can has played a significant role in American history and can play an important role in archaeology as discussed by the authors, but the lack of archaeological and documentary research on this artifact is a major obstacle.
Abstract: The tin can has played a significant role in American history and can play a significant role in archaeology. Beginning with the food can, the author traces developments in canning and can-manufacturing, and briefly discusses can shape and labelling. The narrative continues with the beer can, the center of can-manufacturing innovation after 1935. There are obstacles facing archaeologists interested in tin cans. One is corrosion; another is the lack of archaeological and documentary research on this artifact.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the political economy of the global tin industry and discuss the role of the United States and the United Kingdom in the development of the Tin Drum and the quest for strategic self-sufficiency.
Abstract: Preface Geoffrey Jones Introduction: "The Path of Civilization is Paved with Tin Cans": The Political Economy of the Global Tin Industry Mats Ingulstad, Andrew Perchard, and Espen Storli 1. Not by Tin Alone: Managing Decline in Cornwall, 1850 - 1920 Roger Burt and Norikazu Kudo 2. Bankers, Entrepreneurs and Bolivian Tin in the International Economy, 1900 - 1932 Oscar Granados 3. Summer's Food for Winter's Tables: Tin Consumption in the Americas Joel Wolfe 4. Banging the Tin Drum: The United States and the Quest for Strategic Self-Sufficiency in Tin Mats Ingulstad 5. Tin and the German War Economy: Scrap Drives, Black Markets and Plundering Abroad Jonas Scherner 6. Tin, Tin in the Congo: From Imperial Asset to Conflict Material Alanna O'Malley 7. The Trouble with Tin: Governments and Businesses in Decolonizing Malaya Nick White 8. Trading Tin in an Era of Decolonization Espen Storli 9. Increasing Developing Countries' Gains from Tin Mining: The Boom Years Prior to the Collapse of the International Tin Agreement John Thoburn 10. "The strategic wolf hidden beneath the clothing of the economic sheep"? Tin and the Strategizing of Raw Materials Andrew Perchard
TL;DR: The average amount of recyclable waste generated per day in the institution were 5556% food waste, 1346% PET bottles, 1264% other plastic, 963% nylon, 468% tin cans, and 403% paper as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The practice of collecting, treating, and managing solid waste prior to disposal has become a necessity in developing and modern societies However, over the years, most waste has become regarded as having second-rate value and could be recovered and reused for valuable goods However, the construction costs for conventional Material Recovery Facility(s) (MRFs) have been a major barrier for its implementation, and these technologies also require considerable technical expertise, which is not often available in developing nations for the successful operation of the MRFs Covenant University, a private mission institution undertaking a waste-to-wealth scheme, is focused on managing and processing used materials to create reusable products Such materials included PET bottles, paper waste, food waste from cafeterias, plastic food packs, nylon, tin cans, and others Specific areas from the university which were chosen for the survey included the residential areas for staff and students and the two cafeterias The waste generated was characterized so as to quantify the amount of recyclable waste generated, and also to find out which was most-occurring The survey involved the use of structured questionnaires, on-site observations, and measurements The study revealed that the average amount of recyclable waste generated per day in the institution were 5556% food waste, 1346% PET bottles, 1264% other plastic, 963% nylon, 468% tin cans, and 403% paper The study establishes that adequate waste characterization is a requirement for effective integrated solid waste management, which would boost resource recovery, reuse, and recycling