Timer

Abstract: A time delay switch for use with an electrical load and a source of electrical power, including a multiple-position toggle switch and a user-programmable microchip. The toggle is movable among three positions: an "OFF" position, an "ON" position on one side of the OFF position, and a "TIMER" position on the other side of the OFF position. The toggle is biased from TIMER to OFF so that, whenever it is moved to TIMER, it returns to the central OFF position. When the toggle is moved to TIMER, an electrical signal is sent to the microchip that (1) starts a clock for a preselected period of time and (2) permits electricity to flow through the switch as though the toggle was in the ON position during that time. Alteratively, the microchip can be programmed to start passing current after the preselected period elapses. Thus, the device can be used to turn a light or other electrical load off after a user-determined period of time, or to turn the load on after a preselected time. The duration of the clock interval can be adjusted by means of dip switches or the like, and the duration of the time delay can be adjusted simply by toggling to the TIMER position to program the microchip for as many clock intervals as are desired. A transducer generates an audible or visible signal, or both, in response to movement of the switch to the TIMER position.

Abstract: Different types of traffic requiring different inactivity timer settings are assigned to different bearers or to different QoS classes. Different inactivity timer settings are established for different traffic types. Individual bearers or individual QoS classes are linked to a corresponding inactivity timer profile. The link may be accomplished in a number of ways. For example, an additional QoS parameter may be employed in a 3GPP QoS profile, or a new QoS class identifier may be mapped to an inactivity timer setting. Different inactivity timer settings allows both UE battery power conservation to be prioritized for some traffic and end-user experience (quick subsequent response times) to be prioritized for other traffic.

Abstract: A simple pulse width modulator speed control for a brushless DC "pancake" type fan motor utilizes a type 555 timer for driving a transistor switch, connected in series between the DC voltage supply and the fan motor, at about a 10 Hz rate. The duty cycle of the pulsed output of the timer is controllable by a variable resistor, which in the preferred embodiment comprises a thermistor for controlling the fan speed as a function of temperature. The fan motor is restarted on each cycle of full voltage amplitude pulses and consequently will start under all operating conditions.

Abstract: The more information about current network conditions available to a transport protocol, the more efficiently it can use the network to transfer its data. In networks such as the Internet, the transport protocol must often form its own estimates of network properties based on measurements performed by the connection endpoints. We consider two basic transport estimation problems: determining the setting of the retransmission timer (RTO) for a reliable protocol, and estimating the bandwidth available to a connection as it begins. We look at both of these problems in the context of TCP, using a large TCP measurement set [Pax97b] for trace-driven simulations. For RTO estimation, we evaluate a number of different algorithms, finding that the performance of the estimators is dominated by their minimum values, and to a lesser extent, the timer granularity, while being virtually unaffected by how often round-trip time measurements are made or the settings of the parameters in the exponentially-weighted moving average estimators commonly used. For bandwidth estimation, we explore techniques previously sketched in the literature [Hoe96, AD98] and find that in practice they perform less well than anticipated. We then develop a receiver-side algorithm that performs significantly better.