Timber framing

Abstract: Recent excavations in the City of London have revealed many tons of waterlogged Roman timbers, both in situ and reused. One group of reused timbers is examined here. The timbers form a closely related collection which can be used to reconstruct a system of Roman timber framing. This system of timber framing is based on tangible features of the timbers themselves. For the first time, this enables us to reconstruct an example of a timber framed building from below ground to lower roof level. Much information can also be distilled about carpentry practice, logistics and woodland management and the status of this type of building system.

Abstract: All the research on the behavior and failure of specimens of the Bourbon System, masonry with timber framing, has been done on early 1900 C photographic records. The photos show some case baraccate damaged by the 1905 and 1908 seismic events. The damage is recorded also in the official documents of the technicians sent from Rome, just like Commissione del Genio Civile [, including Canevazzi and Panetti. More data come from Baratta punctual description [ who visited Calabrian towns damaged in the 1908 earthquake. Other news has been taken out from some old chronicles regarding timber frame buildings before 1783.

Abstract: This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the technical and structural changes that occurred within the American lumber industry in the half century after the Civil War. The format of this thesis is as follows: a review of relevant literature pertaining to all aspects of American wood-frame residential construction; a description and analysis of the lumber industry in America, focusing on how and why it reacted slowly to changes in demand for building supplies and was hesitant to adapt and incorporate new materials and technologies; an overview of the changes that occurred to residential wood-frame construction, e.g. the transition from heavy timber framing to light wood frame or “balloon”-style construction; an analysis of the varied ways in which the American lumber industry and others promoted standardized building materials. This thesis concludes by analyzing the impact that impact these changes had on American residential architecture. This thesis also acknowledges the ways in which this is relevant within the larger field of historic preservation, and how this information can be used to better understand, interpret and conserve wood-framed residential architecture in America. The purpose of this thesis is to offer a productive and useful document that will fill a void within the existing scholarship.

Abstract: The impact of framing components as thermal bridges on the heat loss in lightweight wood-frame construction is recognized in various codes and standards by specifying certain framing percentages to be used in effective thermal resistance calculations. However, the real framing proportions that occur on site often appear to be considerably higher than the recommended percentages used for calculation. To gauge how realistic are the recommended framing percentages (or factors) in codes and standards, the typical framing factors (FFs) that are achieved in Canadian residential construction sites were measured. Seventeen residential units under construction were selected at three different locations in the Greater Toronto Area. Detailed on-site measurements provided data for numerical calculation to evaluate the amount of framing within external walls, ceilings, and exposed floors. The average FF calculated for each dwelling was found to exceed the recommended percentage by the 2011 National Energy Code of Cana...