Topic
Tibia
About: Tibia is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12527 publications have been published within this topic receiving 310584 citations. The topic is also known as: shinbone & shin.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 3
Papers
1 Jan 1990
TL;DR: The Diaphyseal Fractures of the Humerus, Femur, and Tibia/Fibula are classified into nine groups: Al, A2, A3, B1, B2, C3 of the Segments 13-, 21- and 23-, 33- and 43-.-
Abstract: General Section.- 1. Principles of the Classification of Fractures.- 1.1 Morphological Characterization of a Fracture.- 1.2 The Location.- 1.3 Alpha-numeric Coding of the Diagnosis of a Fracture.- 2. The Long Bones, General Comments.- 2.1 Coding of the Long Bones.- 2.2 The Determination of the Segments of the Long Bones and of the Center of a Fracture.- 2.3 The Classification of Diaphyseal Fractures.- 2.3.1 The Diaphyseal Fracture Types.- 2.3.2 The Groups of the Diaphyseal Fractures of the Humerus, Femur, and Tibia/Fibula.- 2.3.3 The Groups of the Diaphyseal Fractures of the Radius/Ulna.- 2.3.4 A Comparative Analysis of 2700 Surgically Treated Diaphyseal Fractures.- 2.3.5 The Subgroups .1, .2, and .3 of the Diaphyseal Groups Al, A21, A3, and B1, B2, B3.- 2.3.6 The Subgroups .1, .2, and .3 of the Diaphyseal Groups Cl, C2, C3.- 2.3.7 The Qualifications for the Diaphyseal Subgroups.- 2.4 The Classification of Fractures of the Proximal and Distal Segments.- 2.4.1 The Fracture Types of Segments 13- and 33-, 21- and 41-, 23- and 43-.- 2.4.2 The Fracture Types for the Segments 11- and 31-.- 2.4.3 The Fracture Types for the Segment 44-.- 2.4.4 The Groups Al, A2, A3 of the Segments 13-, 21- and 23-, 33-, 41- and 43-.- 2.4.5 The Groups B1, B2, B3 of the Segments 13-, 21-, 23-, 33-, 41-, and 43-.- 2.4.6 The Groups Cl, C2, C3 of the Segments 13-, 21- and 23-, 33-, 41- and 43-.- 2.4.7 The Nine Groups Al to C3 of the Proximal Humerus = Segment 11-.- 2.4.8 The Nine Groups Al to C3 of the Proximal Femur = Segment 31-.- 2.4.9 The Avulsion Fractures of the Proximal and Distal Segments.- Special Section, Long Bones.- 1. Humerus = 1.- 1.1 Humerus, Proximal Segment = 11-.- 1.1.1 The Types.- 1.1.2 The Groups.- 1.1.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 1.2 Humerus, Diaphyseal Segment = 12-.- 1.2.1 The Types.- 1.2.2 The Groups.- 1.2.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 1.3 Humerus, Distal Segment = 13-.- 1.3.1 The Types.- 1.3.2 The Groups.- 1.3.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 1.3.4 Comments.- 2. Radius/Ulna = 2.- 2.1 Radius/Ulna, Proximal Segment = 21-.- 2.1.1 The Types.- 2.1.2 The Groups.- 2.1.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 2.2 Radius/Ulna, Diaphyseal Segment = 22-.- 2.2.1 The Types.- 2.2.2 The Groups.- 2.2.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 2.3 Radius/Ulna, Distal Segment = 23-.- 2.3.1 The Types.- 2.3.2 The Groups.- 2.3.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 3. Femur = 3.- 3.1 Femur, Proximal Segment = 31-.- 3.1.1 The Types.- 3.1.2 The Groups.- 3.1.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 3.1.4 Comments.- 3.2 Femur, Diaphyseal Segment = 32-.- 3.2.1 The Types.- 3.2.2 The Groups.- 3.2.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 3.3 Femur, Distal Segment = 33-.- 3.3.1 The Types.- 3.3.2 The Groups.- 3.3.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 4. Tibia/Fibula = 4.- 4.1 Tibia/Fibula, Proximal Segment = 41-.- 4.1.1 The Types.- 4.1.2 The Groups.- 4.1.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 4.2 Tibia/Fibula, Diaphyseal Segment = 42-.- 4.2.1 The Types.- 4.2.2 The Groups.- 4.2.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 4.2.4 Comments.- 4.3 Tibia/Fibula, Distal Segment = 43-.- 4.3.1 The Types.- 4.3.2 The Groups.- 4.3.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 4.4 Tibia/Fibula, Malleolar Segment = 44-.- 4.4.1 The Types.- 4.4.2 The Groups.- 4.4.3 The Subgroups and Their Qualifications.- 4.4.4 Comments about Malleolar Fractures.- Glossary = Dictionary.
2,173 citations
TL;DR: Values found when the femur- ACL-tibia complex was tested in the anatomical orientation were higher than those reported previously in the literature and provide new baseline data for the design and selection of grafts for ACL replacement in an attempt to reproduce normal knee kinematics.
Abstract: The structural properties of 27 pairs of human cadaver knees were evaluated. Specimens were equally divided into three groups of nine pairs each based on age: younger (22 to 35 years), middle (40 to 50 years), and older (60 to 97 years). Anterior-posterior displacement tests with the intact knee at 30 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion revealed a significant effect of knee flexion angle, but not of specimen age. Tensile tests of the femur-ACL-tibia complex were performed at 30 degrees of knee flexion with the ACL aligned vertically along the direction of applied tensile load. One knee from each pair was oriented anatomically (anatomical orientation), and the contralateral knee was oriented with the tibia aligned vertically (tibial orientation). Structural properties of the femur-ACL-tibia complex, as represented by the linear stiffness, ultimate load, and energy absorbed, were found to decrease significantly with specimen age and were also found to have higher values in specimens tested in the anatomical orientation. In the younger specimens, linear stiffness (242 +/- 28 N/mm) and ultimate load (2160 +/- 157 N) values found when the femur-ACL-tibia complex was tested in the anatomical orientation were higher than those reported previously in the literature. These values provide new baseline data for the design and selection of grafts for ACL replacement in an attempt to reproduce normal knee kinematics.
1,209 citations
TL;DR: Varying patterns of fracture incidence were observed with increasing age; whereas some fractures became more common in later life (vertebral, distal forearm, hip, proximal humerus, rib, clavicle, pelvis), others were more frequent in childhood and young adulthood.
1,179 citations
TL;DR: Two implications of these findings are that the area of load-bearing is greatly increased and that the stability of the knee joint is enhanced by the menisci.
Abstract: Fourteen knees were studied by a method called spatial location, to determine the contact and load-bearing areas between the femur and the upper tibia in non-loaded and loaded conditions, at various angles of flexion. Under no load, contact occurred primarily on the menisci; the lateral aspects contacted at 0 degrees flexion, moving to the posterolateral aspects at 90 degrees flexion. An area of cartilage which frequently contacted was the medial tibial spine. Under loads of up to 150 kg, the lateral meniscus appeared to carry most of the load on that side of the joint, while on the medial side, the load was shared approximately equally by the meniscus and the exposed cartilage. These findings were verified on two knees by measuring contact pressure with a miniature transducer. Two implications of these findings are that the area of load-bearing is greatly increased and that the stability of the knee joint is enhanced by the menisci.
1,136 citations
TL;DR: The axial alignment of the lower extremities of twenty-five normal male volunteers whose mean age was thirty years was studied using a standardized radiograph of the entire lower extremity and the anatomical axis of the femur did not pass through the center of the knee.
Abstract: The axial alignment of the lower extremities of twenty-five normal male volunteers whose mean age was thirty years was studied using a standardized radiograph of the entire lower extremity. The extremities were found to be in a mean of 1.5 degrees (right) and 1.1 degrees (left) of varus angulation at the knee between the tibial and femoral mechanical axes. The transverse axis of the knee lacked a mean of 3.0 degrees (right) and 2.6 degrees (left) of being perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the tibia. The anatomical axis of the femur did not pass through the center of the knee.
1,001 citations
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Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 4 |
| 2025 | 254 |
| 2024 | 685 |
| 2023 | 874 |
| 2022 | 1,702 |
| 2021 | 631 |