Abstract: In known countercurrent heat exchangers for the aeration and deaeration of stables, the foul-air guidance does not always run vertically, since the lower ends of the throughflow ducts for the foul air are curved towards one side. As a result, foreign bodies and condensation water collect in the curves. The novel countercurrent heat exchanger is to avoid obstruction by means of vertical foul-air guidance. The throughflow ducts (22) of the novel countercurrent heat exchanger serve to supply the fresh air (52) and open at their upper ends (28) into sucking-in ducts (30), each of which connects a row of throughflow ducts (22) and is laterally linked to supply-air openings (46) of the heat exchanger constructed as a chimney (10). The countercurrent heat exchanger is particularly suitable for the aeration and deaeration of stables.

Abstract: Method for mechanised analysis of fluid samples in throughflow, in which there is carried along with each fluid sample an associated fluid-column arrangement, in which features which can be sensed form a code of identifying data; said features are sensed at the analysis station, and a corresponding identifying signal is formed.

Abstract: An irrigation leakage prevention device for coupling between an irrigation supply source and an irrigation emitter unit. The device comprises a tubular throughflow conduit, at least the central portion thereof being formed of a resiliently flexible material and having end portions which are held against resilient displacement, a central barrier member being fixedly located within the conduit. With a water supply pressure less than a predetermined minimum, the central portion of the conduit sealingly embraces the barrier so as to prevent throughflow and when the water supply pressure exceeds this minimum, the central portion is resiliently displaced away from the barrier so as to allow throughflow.

Abstract: The flowmeter for liquids, especially beverages, is provided with a cavity which is arranged in the housing and through which the medium to be measured flows tangentially to a rotatable vane wheel Furthermore, there are provided on the meter electrical devices which contactlessly sense the number of pulses in dependence on the rotations of the vane wheel and which generate a signal corresponding to the throughflow quantity The cavity, through which the medium (liquid) to be measured flows, is designed as a throughflow channel (44), into which the vane ends of the vane wheel (2) reach Located in the region of the vane wheel (2) is an electrical measurement transducer (41) which contactlessly senses the rotations of the vane wheel (2) and which guides the measurement signals to the electronic arrangement (23) which processes the pulses and which transmits an output pulse to a throughflow-quantity counter (22) The throughflow channel (44) communicates with a bore (45) receiving an automatic valve, of which the shut-off member (ball 35) closing or opening the throughflow channel (44) in dependence on the state of movement of the column of liquid to be measured located in the throughflow channel (44) is situated in the region of the entrance (10) of the bore (45) in the channel (44) Provided in the region of the entrance (10) is a further electrical measurement transducer (40) which contactless senses the position of the shut-off member (ball 35) and which with the electronic arrangement Original abstract incomplete

Abstract: The wind-collecting vane is intended for horizontal turbines which can rotate about a vertical axis. It consists of two vane profiles which are arranged next to one another with a radial spacing, are joined by webs, have a slim cross-section and delimit a throughflow channel. In order, given that the strength design requirements can be fulfilled, to lend such a wind-collecting vane self-starting properties, on the one hand, but also as small as possible an "internal" resistance, on the other hand, the wind-collecting vane is constructed in such a way that the two vane profiles (1, 2) are constructed with their external surface contours (3) as parts of the external surface contour (4) of a thick, self-starting vane profile (5). In this arrangement, the vane profiles (1, 2) delimit the throughflow channel (7) by means of their internal flanks (6), which extend rectilinearly in the throughflow direction and parallel, or approximately parallel, to one another.

Abstract: Throughflow limiter for liquids, consisting of an upwardly curved throttle plate and of a perforated carrier part. The shaping of the throttle plate with integrated dirt lamellae makes it possible to equip all pneumatic sprinklers at a later date or from new, in order to achieve a reduced outflow.

Abstract: Numerical simulation is used to define the rather special conditions under which large-scale vapor-dominated zones can evolve. Given an adequate supply of heat, a vapor-dominated zone can evolve within low-permeability barriers without changes in rock properties or boundary conditions. However, the evolution of the system is accelerated in cases involving an initially high fluid throughflow rate that decreases with time. Near-steady-state pressures within the vapor-dominated zone are shown to vary with depth to the caprock.

Abstract: A flat slide valve for streams of material causing material wear, the housing of which is formed from two identical housing halves joined together along one plane, with a throughflow orifice for the stream of material and with a shut-off plate allocated to the throughflow orifice and arranged and displaceable parallel to the said plane, at least one swirl chamber being arranged underneath the throughflow orifice.

Abstract: Production of storm runoff in highly responsive catchments is not well understood. We report in these papers a comprehensive set of hydrometric and natural tracer data for rainfall, soil water, and streamflow for catchments in the Tawhai State Forest, Westland, New Zealand, which reveal some of the important runoff processes. The catchments are small (< 4 ha), with short (< 300 m) steep (average 34°) slopes and thin (< 1 m) permeable soils. Long-term (1977–1980) weekly observations of oxygen 18, electrical conductivity, and chloride in the stream, groundwater, and rain in the main study catchment indicate that catchment outflow reflects a well-mixed reservoir with a mean residence time of approximately 4 months. A preliminary storm hydrograph separation using oxygen 18 (for a storm hydrograph exceeded by only 22% of events since 1979) indicates that only 3% of storm runoff could be considered “new” (i.e., current storm) water. Rapid subsurface flow, such as macropore flow, of new water therefore cannot explain streamflow response in the study area. More detailed hydrograph separation studies on throughflow as well as streamflow are described in parts 2 (M. G. Sklash et. al., this issue) and 3 (M. G. Sklash et. al., unpublished manuscript, 1986).

Abstract: Previous hydrometric and dye tracer studies in Maimai 8, a highly responsive catchment in the Tawhai State Forest, Westland, New Zealand, suggest that storm runoff generation is by rapid transmission of “new” (current storm rain) water to the stream via macropores. We used hydrometric and natural tracer (oxygen 18, deuterium, electrical conductivity, chloride) observations in two first- and one second-order stream and in six throughflow pits, to evaluate the roles of “old” (stored) and new water during three storm events (return periods from 4 weeks to 3 months) in September 1983. New water contributions were small (<25% of the hydrograph volume) and could be accounted for by saturation overland flow. Hillslope response varied areally but all sites issued old water-dominated throughflow. Ridge top sites had larger new water contributions (∼ 30–40%) than valley sites (< 10%). Macropore flow of new water therefore cannot explain streamflow or throughflow response in the Maimai catchments.

Abstract: The circulation forced by an inflow of water through an eastern ocean boundary is investigated using two linear, viscid, and continuously stratified models. One of the models has a flat bottom, and solutions are obtained analytically; the other has a continental shelf, and solutions are found numerically. Without vertical mixing all the inflow continues across the ocean. With vertical mixing, however, part of it bends poleward to generate a coastal circulation. The presence of a shelf displaces the coastal currents offshore, but otherwise changes their structure and magnitude very little. Solutions suggest that the southward bending of the throughflow from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean may contribute to the Leeuwin Current off western Australia, but that it is not the dominant mechanism for driving the circulation there.