Showing papers on "Throughflow published in 1981"
TL;DR: The distribution of the depth-integrated steric height in the Indian Ocean compared favorably with the distribution computed from the Sverdrup relation and annual average wind stresses, provided the integration starts from observed values of mass transport function near the eastern boundary as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The observed distribution of the depth-integrated steric height (mass transport function) in the Indian Ocean compares favorably with the distribution computed from the Sverdrup relation and annual average wind stresses, provided the integration starts from observed values of mass transport function near the eastern boundary. These eastern boundary values increase substantially from 9 to 115°S, presumably because the Pacific-Indian through flow is geostrophically balanced. This flow is estimated to have an order of magnitude of 10 × 106 m3 s−1—rather stronger than previous estimates. The flow may [as suggested by Cox (1975)] contribute to the observed anomalous weakness of the East Australian Current, though southwards flow along the South American coast may also contribute to its weakness. If the Pacific-Indian throughflow did not occur it is shown that the Sverdrup circulation pattern in the Indian ocean south of the equator would be similar to that in the other tropical oceans, in that the flo...
134 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the flow, heat transfer and stability of a natural convection loop when there is an addition and withdrawal of fluid is made, and the results include stable as well as unstable configurations and also reveal multiple solutions.
37 citations
Patent•
2 Sep 1981TL;DR: In this paper, a control system for controlling the liquid balance of an evaporation plant, comprising a feed pipe (17), a discharge pipe (21), and a first counter (26) controlled by the pulses of the first throughflow meter (18), is presented.
Abstract: 1. A control system for controlling the liquid balance of an evaporation plant, comprising a feed pipe (17) which opens into the circuit of the evaporation plant and which contains a level-controlled feed valve (16) and a first throughflow meter (18) ; a discharge pipe (21) which leads out of the circuit and which contains a discharge valve (24) ; and a first counter (26) controlled by the pulses of the first throughflow meter (18), the discharge valve (24) opening in dependence upon the pulses of the first throughflow meter (18), characterized in that the count of the first counter (26) is compared with a first maximum value presettable at an input (28) in a first comparator (27) which, in the event of coincidence of its comparison signals, initiates the opening of the discharge valve (24) ; in that a second throughflow meter (22) incorporated in the discharge pipe (21) controls a counter (33) of which the count is compared with a second maximum value in a second comparator (34) ; and in that, in the event of coincidence of its comparison signals, the second comparator initiates closure of the discharge valve (24).
5 citations
Patent•
9 Jul 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of the throughflow heater are selected such that burning-through of the heating device actually occurs if it operates without water, in which case the excessive temperature thereby occurring is limited to the through-flow heater itself.
Abstract: The apparatus has a vat (12), in which water is used for cleaning purposes, for example for washing dishes. The water passes into the apparatus through a throughflow heater (17), arranged outside the vat (12), from where it passes via a pipe (18) into the vat (12). In order to keep any damage as low as possible even if all safety devices fail, the throughflow heater has a high output in relation to its surface so that its heating device burns through if the throughflow heater (17) operates without water, in which case the excessive temperature thereby occurring is limited to the throughflow heater (17) itself. The characteristics of the throughflow heater (17) are selected such that burning-through of the heating device actually occurs if it operates without water. In preferred embodiments, it is ensured by corresponding design of the throughflow heater that a good eddying of the water occurs in the latter without the formation of bubbles.
3 citations
Patent•
3 Aug 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a vacuum-tight closing valve for high differential pressures and large throughflow openings is described, in which one or more sealing plates compress the seals in such a way that vacuumtight closure of the through-flow openings in the housing is achieved.
Abstract: In a vacuum-tight closing valve for high differential pressures and large throughflow openings, in which one or more sealing plates (60, 61) compress the seals (79, 83) in such a way that vacuum-tight closure of the throughflow openings (64) in the housing (65) is achieved, vacuum-tight resilient elements (78, 82) which maintains the contact pressure are arranged between the sealing plate (61, 62) and the seal (79, 83).
3 citations
Patent•
30 Jul 1981
TL;DR: In this article, the expansion coefficient of the material of the flow line was shown to be less than the expansion coefficients of the materials of flow elements, with the peripheral shape of flow line providing a number of spring points resisting its widening out due to the expansion forces.
Abstract: The heater has at least two flow elements (1) each with at least one flow channel (1a), arranged in the flow line (2) on either side of an electric heating element (3). This is formed from a cold-conductive ceramic material with surface electrodes (4) each with an insulating coating (5). The expansion coefficient of the material of the flow line (2) is less than the expansion coefficient of the material of the flow elements (1), the peripheral shape of the flow line (2) providing a number of spring points resisting its widening out due to the expansion forces. Pref. the flow line (2) has an H shaped cross-section with the two flow elements (1) and the heating element (3) contained in the cross limb the remaining flanks (2b,2c) acting as springs, holding the flow elements (1) in contact with the heating element (3) to increase efficiency.
2 citations
Patent•
7 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus is constructed as a throttle and operates in such a way that it reduces the cross-section of the through-flowing water and increases the throughflow speed to such an extent that an essentially continuous throughflow volume per unit of time is achieved over the entire water throughflow period and the flow pressure in the throttle is higher than the vapour pressure required to drive the water out of a riser.
Abstract: In the device, an apparatus (3) which controls the water throughflow is provided between a water storage container (8) and an electrically heated water throughflow channel (2), which apparatus is constructed as a throttle and operates in such a way that it reduces the cross-section of the through-flowing water and increases the throughflow speed to such an extent that an essentially continuous throughflow volume per unit of time is achieved over the entire water throughflow period and the flow pressure in the throttle is higher than the vapour pressure required to drive the water out of a riser (7).