Abstract: The research summarized in this paper is an experimental study of the frictional moment on a cone rotating in a conical casing with an outward throughflow. The cone vertex angles tested in the present experiment are θ = 30, 60 and 90 deg. In the region where the frictional moment on the rotating cone with no throughflow is increased by the effect of Taylor-type vortices, an increase of the throughflow rate results in a decrease of the frictional moment, if the throughflow rate is not so large. In the region where the Taylor-type vortices have no appreciable effect on the frictional moment, on the other hand, the rate of increase in CM with increasing Cq. sin (θ/2) is almost independent of θ, where CM and Cq denote the moment coefficient and the dimensionless throughflow rate, respectively.

Abstract: Linear stability analysis for study of the connective instability of a horizontal liquid layer in a porous medium subjected to a temperature gradient is approached by both finite-difference and finite-element methods for the case with uniform vertical throughflow and maximum density effects. Numerical results for the critical Rayleigh number are presented for the thermal condition parameters − 3.5 < λ1 < − 0.5 and − 1.4 < λ2 < 1.4 with Peclet number Pe = 0, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10. The convergence and accuracy of the numerical solutions are assured by the excellent agreement of the critical Rayleigh numbers for the limiting cases with the known values.

Abstract: The hydro-power unit is intended for electric power generation from the flow of water in small streams and rivers. It comprises a water inflow section, water through-flow channels with pump chambers, and a turbine unit. The inflow section and the channels are provided with gratings to protect against accident and keep out solids. The inflow section may have an adjustable gate with stop operated via a quadrant and pinion, and being lockable in any desired position. It may have flow controls comprising flaps adjustable via a linkage by an actuator under the control of a float switch in the channel.

Abstract: : This research investigated slope failure in two prototype soil materials using the technique of reduced scale centrifugal modelling. In nineteen coal mine waste embankment dam models, throughout which the soil particle size distribution was altered for modelling of different prototype soil conditions, three classes of failure were observed: intact slope failure in response to throughflow conditions, failure by erosion, and retrogressive rate of construction failure. The importance of particle size distribution, of embankment preparation by compaction in lifts, of a clay foundation layer, and of the inclusion of highly permeable sections in the embankment, both drained and undrained, were all studied in the course of experiments. Conventional methods of prediction of slope stability and erosion were applied to the models. The scaling laws for centrifugal modelling of water movement were examined, and the requirements for reduced scale modelling of seepage and erosion were found to be mutually incompatible.

Abstract: Confined groundwater resources for Perth's water supply are being investigated over 3 600 km of the coastal plain extending about 65 km to the north and south of Perth. Exploratory drilling was commenced in 1961 and present investigations are not expected to be completed until 1986. The confined groundwater resources occur in multilayer aquifer systems in the Leederville, Yarragadee and Cockleshell Gully Formation of Mesozoic age. The Leederville Formation has a large recharge area and contains groundwater ranging in salinity from 250 - 3 000 mg/1 T.D.S. It is conservatively estimated to contain about 11 000 x 10 6 m3 of groundwater with a salinity less than 1 000 mg/L T.D.S., and to have a throughflow of about 115 x 10 6 m3/y. The Yarragadee Formation contains groundwater ranging in salinity from 120 - 7 500 mg/L T.D.S. Groundwater less than 1 000 mg/L T.D.S. is restricted to the Northern Perth area where 7 500 x 10 6 m3 are estimated to be in storage and annual throughflow is about 13 x 10 6 m3 /y. The Cockleshell Gully Formation contains groundwater ranging from 270 - 3 000 mg/L T.D.S. The volume of groundwater less than 1 000 mg/L T.D.S. is not known but could be large. Throughflow is about 35 x 10 6 m3/y. Based on the tentative estimate of throughflow possibly 50-80 x 10 6 m3/y of groundwater less than 1 000 mg/L could be obtained from the confined aquifers, or considerably more, if abstraction was designed to reduce groundwater storage. In addition there are extremely large brackish groundwater resources particularly in the Yarragadee Formation.

Abstract: Steady motion in a simplified version of a two stage chemical mixer without throughflow is numerically analysed in laminar flow for two values of the Reynolds number. Symmetrical and non-symmetrical geometrical configurations with respect to the plane of separation between stages are considered. By the description of flow and pressure fields a detailed picture of the fluid-dynamic behaviour of this apparatus is achieved. This enables to give some suggestions to modify the geometry of real systems. Some parameters as primary and secondary volumetric flow rates and the torque coefficient are evaluated.

Abstract: In view of the declining inflow into the Aral Sea, alternative proposals are advanced to save this inland sea by reducing its area as well as its salinity levels. The proposals involve the closing off of some portions of the sea, notably the Little Aral in the northeast and the Western Aral, from the large shallow eastern portion. Some portions of this fragmented sea would then be treated as active bodies of water with a throughflow regime, discharging surplus waters of high salinity into other portions, which would be allowed to become salt marshes. Various combinations of active water areas and residual water areas are examined, and possible trends in waterlevel and salinity are projected to the middle of the 21st century.