Tetrameridae

Abstract: A commented checklist of the nematodes parasites of Argentinean wild birds is presented. This is the first compilation of parasitological papers about nematodes of Argentinean birds published between 1873 and November 2019. This review includes information about 64 nematode nominal species and 13 taxa identified at generic level, belonging to five orders, 16 superfamilies, 20 families, and 44 genera. Five species were considered incertae sedis, because they were described based only on larval stages, and one species was maintained as species inquirenda. The highest number of taxa of nematodes was recorded in the family Acuariidae with 20 nominal species and two taxa identified at generic level, followed by Anisakidae with eight nominal species and one taxon identified at generic level, and Tetrameridae with eight nominal species and two taxa identified at generic level. Of the 1042 species of birds reported in Argentina, only 65 (6.24%) were reported as hosts of adult nematodes. The families of birds with the highest number of reported taxa were Tinamidae (12 nematode taxa), Laridae (11), Anatidae (8) and Phalacrocoracidae (7). The present review provides data on hosts, geographical distribution, sites of infection, location of material deposited in Helminthological Collections, references, and taxonomic comments. A host/parasite list is also provided.

Abstract: Intestinal nematodes of the Aythyini ducks in Western Pomerania. Biology, including ecology, of the Aythyini renders them particularly attractive subjects of parasitological studies. The tribe is represented in Poland by 4 nesting species; two of them, Aythya fuligula and A. ferina, are very abundant game birds. However, their helminth fauna, including nematodes, is still very poorly known. This study was aimed at quantifying the structure of parasitic intestinal nematodes of the Western Pomeranian Aythyini. The study, performed in 1999-2004, involved a total of 71 ducks representing 3 species: A. ferina, A. fuligula, and A. marila. The nematodes, isolated from the intestines, were fixed in 75% ethyl alcohol and cleared in lactic acid. Among the 9668 helminth individuals found, 589 (6.1%) represented the phylum Nematoda. They were found in 57 ducks (80.3% of all the ducks examined). The nematodes belonged to the following 4 families: Amidostomatidae, Tetrameridae, Acuariidae, and Trichuridae. They were identified as representing 8 species, 2 genera (Amidostomoides sp. and Tetrameres sp.), and 1 subfamily (Capillariinae gen. sp.); in addition, 1 damaged individual could be identified as a nematode only. The highest prevalence (57.8%), at mean intensity (4.8 inds), was typical of Amidostomoides petrovi (Shakhtahtinskaya, 1956) Lomakin, 1991, while Tetrameres fissispina (Diesing, 1861) Travassos, 1914 occurred with the highest intensity (15.1 inds) and 12.7% prevalence. Nematodes of the subfamily Capillariinae occurred with a fairly high intensity (averaging 10.0 inds) as well, although their prevalence was not high, either (4.2% of all ducks were infected). The nematofauna studied was clearly dominated by A. petrovi, T. fissispina, and Capillaria anatis (Schrank, 1790). The total frequency of occurrence of those species was close to 80%; their dominance indices exceeded the threshold value of 0.1 and amounted to 1.6 (the dominant A. petrovi), 0.2, and 0.5 (the subdominants T. fissispina and C. anatis, respectively). The three species listed occurred with the highest mean density (2.8; 1.9; and 1.8 nematode per duck examined). No age- (adult vs. immature) or sex- (males vs. females) related differences in the quantitative structure of the parasitic Aythyini nematodes were observed.

Abstract: Nematodes from the genera Tetrameres (Creplin 1846) are cosmopolitan and polyxenic parasites of birds living inland or associated with aquatic environment. These parasites are characterized by a strong sexual dimorphism and strict topospecificity, limited to the proventriculus of the host. The aim of this paper is the presentation of the morphological and ecological characteristics of T. spinosa rarely observed in Europe (Maplestone, 1931) yet typical for wild birds from the Far East. The examined nematodes were isolated from the alimentary canals of 1005 wild Anatinae (Anseriformes: Anatidae). The parasites were measured using a micrometer eyepiece, and the analysis of the quantitative structure was performed using the following parameters: extensiveness, intensity, relative density, and dominance index. The morphological description of T. spinosa in this paper is generally consistent with known information on the species, although certain differences were observed in the anatomy of some structures near the mouth of the nematode. The nematode was found in 46 out of the 1005 examined ducks (4.6%), and representing the following species: Aythya ferina, A. fuligula, A. marila, Clangula hyemalis and Melanitta nigra. The typical hosts are ducks from the genus Aythya wintering in the southwestern Baltic.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to present the struct ure of nematofauna community with particular emphasis on stomach (proventriculus and gizzard) nematodes in wild duck s wintering in large numbers in the North-Western P oland Hosts (n=152) were represented by 17 species from eight genera belongi ng to three different ecological tribes: Anatini, Aythyini , and Mergini Parasitic nematodes (n=14,396) were found in the digestive tr act of 813 out of 1,052 birds (773%), with the vas t majority of nematodes (939%) found in the gizzard (n=7,326) and proventr iculus (n=6,198) Nematodes isolated from these org ans represented 21 species from six families: Amidostomatidae, Acuariidae, Tetrameridae, Dioctoph ymatidae, Ascarididae, and Anisakidae The most prevalent were nematodes from the genus Amidostomoides (n=6,686 individuals; 494%), and the most dominant species was A monodon (5,013 nematodes)