TL;DR: The peculiarity of the Indian parasite was that it was an irregular parasite as compared with the regular, almost monotonous, contour of the “rings” of the malignant tertian parasite ( Plasmodium falciparum ).
Abstract: In the autumn of 1913 Major Kenrick, I. M. S., kindly sent me, from Pachmari, Central Provinces, India, a blood slide from a native child, containing numerous malaria parasites. On examining these, which I at first took to be malignant tertian parasites, the suspicion arose in my mind that there was something peculiar about their appearance. I happened just previously to have been studying a blood slide from Rhodesia, containing very numerous malignant tertian parasites. The peculiarity of the Indian parasite, as far as I could at first define it, was that it was an irregular parasite as compared with the regular, almost monotonous, contour of the “rings” of the malignant tertian parasite ( Plasmodium falciparum ). I proceeded then to study the Indian parasite more carefully; and, after-daily observations for many weeks of it, and of control malignant tertian parasites from various sources, I came definitely to the conclusion that it was unlike any malignant tertian parasite that I had ever seen or that I could find figured in the text-books or journals. I also considered carefully the possibility of its being the simple tertian parasite, but to this point I shall return later. During this study, in order to fix my impressions, I drew 150 consecutive parasites from the Indian slide and the Rhodesian slide respectively, as the former appeared in the field of view of an ocular so restricted by placing a diaphragm in it that only half a dozen red cells were visible in the field at a time, thus effectively preventing any selection on my part. I reproduce as pen-and-ink drawings 35 of each series taken at random, as they show very well in a general way the different aspect of the two parasites. For the same purpose I also drew a number of young simple tertian parasites. I now proceed to define as far as possible in detail the peculiarities of this parasite.
TL;DR: The history of fevers in the ancient world and the first description of the fever curve is examined.
Abstract: By the time of Hippocrates the typical paroxysmal fever patterns of tertian (every 48 hours) and quartan (every 72 hours) fevers caused by malaria were known. Through the ensuing centuries, ancient Greek, Roman, and Persian physicians made additional contributions to the understanding of fevers. By the end of that era, there was a working definition of what constitutes a fever, the distinction between fever as a symptom and fever as a disease, an elaborate classification scheme for multiple types of fever, hypotheses as to the causes of fever, and methods for diagnosing and treating fevers. Based on the definition of fever at that time, the 10th century ce Persian physician Akhawaynī created fever curves hundreds of years before they were routinely used in the clinical setting. In Hidāyat al-Muta'allimīn fī al-Tibb, Akhawaynī describes a system for fever curves and draws fever curves for tertian and quartan Fevers, as well as the double tertian, double quartan, and triple quartan fevers. In this work we examine the history of fevers in the ancient world and the first description of the fever curve.
TL;DR: The authors examines the ways in which the men and women of Lima sought to cure or ward off tertian and quartan fevers, by all accounts one of the city's most ubiquitous illnesses during the last century.
Abstract: This paper examines the ways in which the men and women of Lima sought to cure or ward off ‘tertian and quartan fevers’, by all accounts one of the city's most ubiquitous illnesses during the last ...
TL;DR: The unusual presence of six cases of malaria at one time in the San Francisco Hospital led to an investigation to determine the source of infection and the accuracy of the department's investigation is plainly manifest.
Abstract: To the Editor: —The unusual presence of six cases of malaria at one time in the San Francisco Hospital led to an investigation to determine the source of infection. The accuracy of the department's investigation is plainly manifest. Nothing like this in my experience has ever occurred before. Five of the patients were morphine addicts using the hypodermic method: W., aged 32, quartan type, onset February 1, a guest of the Hunter House, 675 Howard Street; also the Arcade House, 66 Clay Street, at the time of onset. O., aged 45, tertian type, onset February 6, a guest of the New York House, 753 Howard Street. W., aged 41, tertian type, onset February 1, dwelling place unknown. J., aged 42, tertian type, onset February 28, dwelling place unknown. B., aged 39, tertian type, onset February 13, a guest of the Golden Eagle Hotel, 253 Third Street. They were all treated