Topic
Tempestite
About: Tempestite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 155 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4250 citations.
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1 May 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the nature, occurrence, significance, and recognition of cyclic sequences (Periodites) is presented. But the authors do not discuss the relationship between cyclicity and event stratification.
Abstract: I. Limestone-Marl Rhythms and Climate-controlled Facies Changes.- General Remarks About the Nature, Occurrence, and Recognition of Cyclic Sequences (Periodites).- Limestone-Marl Cycles (Periodites): Diagnosis, Significance, Causes - a Review.- Observations on Well-bedded Upper Jurassic Limestones.- Origin of Marl-Limestone Alternation (Oxford 2) in Southwest Germany.- Limestone-Shale Bedding and Perturbations of the Earth's Orbit.- Rhythmic Sedimentation Documented in a Late Cretaceous Core (Abstract).- Ecology and Depositional Environments of Chalk-Marl and Limestone-Shale Rhythms in the Cretaceous of North America (Abstract).- Diagenetic Redistribution of Carbonate, a Process in Forming Limestone-Marl Alternations (Devonian and Carboniferous, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, W. Germany).- A Contribution to the Origin of Limestone-Shale Sequences.- Deep-Sea Stratigraphy: Cenozoic Climate Steps and the Search for Chemo-Climatic Feedback.- IIA. Event Stratification. Calcareous and Quartz-Sandy Tempestites.- General Remarks About Event Deposits.- Experiments on the Distinction of Wave and Current Influenced Shell Accumulations.- Calcareous Tempestites: Storm-dominated Stratification in Upper Muschelkalk Limestones (Middle Trias, SW-Germany).- Allochthonous Coquinas in the Upper Muschelkalk - Caused by Storm Events? (Abstract).- The role of Storm Processes in Generating Shell Beds in Paleozoic Shelf Environments.- Rhythmic Bedding and Shell Bed Formation in the Upper Jurassic of East Greenland.- Shell Beds in the Lower Lias of South Germany - Facies and Origin.- Storm Sedimentation in the Carboniferous Limestones Near Weston-Super-Mare (Dinantian, SW-England).- Event-Stratification in Nummulite Accumulations and in Shell Beds from the Eocene of Egypt.- The "Bank der kleinen Terebrateln" (Upper Muschelkalk, Triassic) Near Schwabisch Hall (SW-Germany) - a Tempestite Condensation Horizon.- Glauconitic Condensation Through High-Energy Events in the Albian Near Clars (Escragnolles, Var, SE-France).- Muschelkalk/Keuper Bone-Beds (Middle Triassic, SW-Germany) - Storm Condensation in a Regressive Cycle.- Condensed Griotte Facies and Cephalopod Accumulations in the Upper Devonian of the Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco.- Distinctive Features of Sandy Tempestites.- Multidirectional Paleocurrents as Indicators of Shelf Storm Beds.- Scour and Fill: The Significance of Event Separation.- Storm-surge Sandstones and the Deposition of Interbedded Limestone: Late Precambrian, Southern Norway.- Flat Pebble Conglomerates, Storm Deposits, and the Cambrian Bottom Fauna.- IIB. Event Stratification - Other Event Deposits.- Jurassic Bedded Cherts from the North Apennines, Italy: Dyscyclic Sedimentation in the Deep Pelagic Realm.- Quartz-sandy Allodapic Limestones as a Result of Lime Mud-Raising Clastic Turbidites.- Belemnites as Current Indicators in Shallow Marine Turbidites of the Santonian Bavnodde Gronsand, Bornholm (Denmark).- Habits of Zircon as a Tool for Precise Tephrostratigraphic Correlation.- III. Cyclicity and Event Stratification in Black Shales.- Cyclic and Dyscyclic Black Shale Formation.- Cyclicity and the Storage of Organic Matter in Middle Cretaceous Pelagic Sediments.- Types of Stratification in the Kupferschiefer.- Environmental Changes During Oil Shale Deposition as Deduced from Stable Isotope Ratios.- The Community Structure of "Shell Islands" on Oxygen Depleted Substrates in Mesozoic Dark Shales and Laminated Carbonates (Abstract).- Ammonite Shells as Habitats - Floats or Benthic Islands? (Abstract).- Palynology of Upper Liassic Bituminous Shales (Abstract).- The Bituminous Lower Toarcian at the Truc de Balduc Near Mende (Departement de la Lozere, S-France).- Bedding Types of the Toarcian Black Shales in NW-Greece.- Stratinomy of the Lower Kimmeridge Clay (Dorset, England) (Abstract).- The Formation of the Bituminous Layers of the Middle Triassic of Ticino (Switzerland) (Abstract).- Summary.- Paleogeographic Significance of Tempestites and Periodites.
417 citations
TL;DR: This article found that the abundance of reef flat storm deposits whose ages cluster around 3000-4000 y BP in certain parts of the world most likely relate to a slight fall in relative sea level rather than an increase in storminess during that period.
Abstract: Hurricanes occur in belts 7° to 25° north and south of the equator. Reefs growing in these belts suffer periodic damage from hurricane-generated waves and storm surge. Corals down to 20m depth may be broken and removed, branching colonies being much more susceptible to breakage than upright massive forms. Sand cays may be washed away and former storm ridges may migrate to leeward across reef flats to link with islands. Reef crest and reef front coral debris accumulate as talus at the foot of the fore-reef slope, on submarine terraces and grooves, on the intertidal reef flat as storm ridges of shingle or boulders and isolated blocks of reef framework, as accreting beach ridges of leeward migrating shingle, as lobes and wedges of debris in back-reef lagoons, as drapes of carbonate sand and mud in deep off-reef locations in the fore-reef and lagoonal areas. In addition to the coarse debris deposited, other features may aid the recognition of former hurricane events, including the assemblage of reef biota, its species composition and the structure of the skeletons; graded internal sediments in framework cavities; characteristic sequences of encrusting organisms; characteristic shapes of reef flat microatoll corals; and submarine cement crusts over truncated reef surfaces. The abundance of reef flat storm deposits whose ages cluster around 3000–4000 y BP in certain parts of the world most likely relate to a slight fall in relative sea level rather than an increase in storminess during that period. A higher frequency of storms need not result in more reef flat storm deposits. The violence of the storm relative to normal fair-weather conditions influences the extent of damage; the length of time since the previous major storm influences the amount of coral debris created; the length of time after the hurricane, and before a subsequent storm influences the degree of stabilization of reef-top storm deposits and hence their chances of preservation.
330 citations
1 Jan 1982
TL;DR: Within storm beds (tempestites) diagnostic sedimentological and paleoecological features show an orderly gradation from bottom to top and from proximal to distal facies as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Storm-induced high energy events dominate stratification phenomena in Upper Muschelkalk epicontinental carbonates. Within storm beds (tempestites) diagnostic sedimentological and paleoecological features show an orderly gradation from bottom to top and from proximal to distal facies. This concept has implications for basin analysis, stratigraphy, paleoecology and diagenesis.
272 citations
TL;DR: The Starshot Formation of the Transantarctic Mountains has been interpreted as a wave-dominated turbidite bed as mentioned in this paper, where storm-generated waves overprint flows driven by excess-weight forces.
Abstract: Sandstone tempestite beds in the Starshot Formation, cen- tral Transantarctic Mountains, were deposited in a range of shoreline to shelf environments. Detailed sedimentological analysis indicates that these beds were largely deposited by wave-modified turbidity currents. These currents are types of combined flows in which storm-generated waves overprint flows driven by excess-weight forces. The interpreta- tion of the tempestites of the Starshot Formation as wave-dominated turbidites rests on multiple criteria. First, the beds are generally well graded and contain Bouma-like sequences. Like many turbidites, the soles display abundant well-developed flutes. They also contain thick divisions of climbing-ripple lamination. The lamination, however, is dominated by convex-up and sigmoidal foresets, which are geometries identical to those produced experimentally in current-dominated com- bined flows in clear water. Finally, paleocurrent data support a tur- bidity-current component of flow. Asymmetric folds in abundant con- volute bedding reflect liquefaction and gravity-driven movement and hence their orientations indicate the downslope direction at the time of deposition. The vergence direction of these folds parallels paleocur- rent readings of flute marks, combined-flow ripples, and a number of other current-generated features in the Starshot event beds, indicating that the flows were driven down slope by gravity. The wave component of flow in these beds is indicated by the presence of small- to large- scale hummocky cross-stratification and rare small two-dimensional ripples. Wave-modified turbidity currents differ from deep-sea turbidity cur- rents in that they may not be autosuspending and some proportion of the turbulence that maintains these flows comes from storm waves. Such currents are formed in modern shoreline environments by a com- bination of storm waves and downwelling sediment-laden currents. They may also be formed as a result of oceanic floods, events in which intense sediment-laden fluvial discharge creates a hyperpycnal flow. Event beds in the Starshot Formation may have formed from such a mechanism. Oceanic floods are formed in rivers of small to medium size in areas of high relief, commonly on active margins. The Starshot Formation and the coeval Douglas Conglomerate are clastic units that formed in response to uplift associated with active tectonism. Sedi- mentological and stratigraphic data suggest that coarse alluvial fans formed directly adjacent to a marine basin. The geomorphic conditions were therefore likely conducive to rapid fluvial discharge events asso- ciated with storms. The abundance of current-dominated combined- flow ripples at the tops of many Starshot beds indicates that excess- weight forces were dominant throughout deposition of many of these beds.
204 citations
TL;DR: In the Caicos Platform, British West Indies, on 18 November 1985, Hurricane Kate flattened the mounded bottom of the platform interior and caused minor smothering and erosion of the seagrass beds.
Abstract: Storm infilling of deep, open Callianassa burrows with molluscan to peloidal packstone was the dominant style of preservable sedimentation produced by the passage of Hurricane Kate across Caicos Platform, British West Indies, on 18 November 1985. This moderate hurricane was the first to affect an actively studied portion of the carbonate platform environments of the south Florida-Bahama region in 19 years, a time during which many of our concepts of storm sedimentation have evolved. Prior to Hurricane Kate, much of the shallow-platform interior peloidal packstone to grapestone grainstone had a sparse seagrass cover and a highly irregular bottom caused by abundant Callianassa mounds. Hurricane Kate flattened the mounded bottom of the platform interior and caused minor smothering and erosion of the seagrass beds. A thin, surficial tempestite, though deposited over much of the platform, was difficult to identify because it lacked a coarse base. Instead, much of the reworked surface sediment poured down the large Callianassa burrow entrances and filled the vast burrow networks with either a coarse molluscan packstone or peloidal-skeletal packstone. Storm-burrow filling (tubular tempestites) effectively removed the coarse fraction from contributing to a surficial storm layer. Ten percent of the upper 75 cm of platform interior sediment consists of tubular tempestites from Hurricane Kate.
117 citations
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