TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that this has enabled them to maintain populations in shallow marine and estuarine habitats more readily than other calanoids and has preadapted them to colonize inland waters.
Abstract: Calanoid copepods are predominantly marine, but numerous species occur in estuarine and inland waters. Most of the species that are found in nonmarine environments are referred to the superfamily Centropagoidea which also includes most ofthe abundant neritic marine species. Species within this superfamily can produce eggs which survive in the sediment and resist chemical and physical stresses. It is suggested that this has enabled them to maintain populations in shallow marine and estuarine habitats more readily than other calanoids and has preadapted them to colonize inland waters. ABSTRACT Calanoid copepods are predominantly marine, but numerous species occur in estuarine and inland waters. Most of the species that are found in nonmarine environments are referred to the superfamily Centropagoidea which also includes most ofthe abundant neritic marine species. Species within this superfamily can produce eggs which survive in the sediment and resist chemical and physical stresses. It is suggested that this has enabled them to maintain populations in shallow marine and estuarine habitats more readily than other calanoids and has preadapted them to colonize inland waters. ABSTRACT Calanoid copepods are predominantly marine, but numerous species occur in estuarine and inland waters. Most of the species that are found in nonmarine environments are referred to the superfamily Centropagoidea which also includes most ofthe abundant neritic marine species. Species within this superfamily can produce eggs which survive in the sediment and resist chemical and physical stresses. It is suggested that this has enabled them to maintain populations in shallow marine and estuarine habitats more readily than other calanoids and has preadapted them to colonize inland waters. According to Hutchinson (1967) "some unknown but widespread character of the Calanoida evidently preadapts the group to a greater or lesser extent to life in inland waters." About 25% of the 2,300 known species of calanoids live in fresh water (Bowman and Abele, 1982). Of the six families that Hutchinson listed as having fresh-water species, four, the Centropagi- dae, Temoridae, Pseudodiaptomidae, and Diaptomidae, are now classified as mem- bers of the superfamily Centropagoidea which also includes the Acartiidae, Can- daciidae, Parapontellidae, Pontellidae, Sul- canidae, and Tortanidae (Bowman and Abele, 1982). The other fresh-water calan- oids are the single genus Senecella (Clau- socalanoidea: Clausocalanidae) and a rec- ord of the marine species Calanus
TL;DR: Differences in several cuticular microstructures of several appendages of these copepods agree with the interspecific genetic divergence >3% observed in sequences of the COI gene, and the integration of this information is a powerful tool in species delineation.
Abstract: Background In Mexico, species of four families of free-living calanoid copepods have been recorded as inhabitants of several freshwater systems. These families are Centropagidae, Temoridae, Pseudodiaptomidae and Diaptomidae. The genera Leptodiaptomus and Mastigodiaptomus are the most speciose diaptomid genera in Mexico, and they inhabit natural and artificial lakes, ephemeral ponds, springs, and caverns. Leptodiaptomus is considered as an endemic Nearctic genus, whereas Mastigodiaptomus is a widely distributed Neotropical genus in the southern USA, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands and Central America. Based on new and recent evidence, Mastigodiaptomus diversity has been underestimated: six species of the genus were known before 2000. In this work three new Mastigodiaptomus species have been described from different regions of Mexico by using integrative taxonomy. We also gave amended diagnosis of M. nesus Bowman (1986) and M. patzcuarensis s. str. (Kiefer, 1938). Methods In this work, the taxonomic status of the species was clarified using modern, integrative method based on the COI gene as a DNA marker, plus micro-structural analysis (based on SEM and ligth microscopy). Results Three new species of Mastigodiaptomus were described based on genetic and morphological analyses: M. alexei sp. n., M. ha sp. n. and M. cihuatlan sp. n. Also amended description of M. nesus, morphological variation of M. patzcuarensis s. str., and a comparison of them with all known sequences within the genus are provided. These new findings show that in Mastigodiaptomus differences in several cuticular microstructures of several appendages (such as the antennules, the fifth legs, or the urosomites of these copepods) agree with the interspecific genetic divergence >3% observed in sequences of the COI gene, and the integration of this information is a powerful tool in species delineation.
TL;DR: The Shannon - Weiner diversity index (H') showed the occurrence of copepods were low at near shore stations C1 and A1, which may be due to the inflow of effluents, sewage and domestic waste discharged from the Cooum and Adyar River.
Abstract: Copepods were collected at six stations from Chennai coast (Cooum and Adyar) Bay of Bengal during 2006. 35 copepod species were identified, out of these 31 species belong to Calanoids, 4 Cyclopoids were recorded in this study. Among Calanoida Family Temoridae (Temora discaudata, Temora tubinata and Temora stylifera) and Pseudodiaptomidae (Pseudodiaptomus serricaudatus) were recorded abundant in the middle and offshore stations and low in the near shore stations. Family Acartiidae (Acartia spinicauda) was abundant in the near shore station. The Shannon - Weiner diversity index (H') showed the occurrence of copepods were low at near shore stations C1 and A1. The low occurrence of copepods in the near shore stations compared to that of offshore stations may be due to the inflow of effluents, sewage and domestic waste discharged from the Cooum and Adyar River.
TL;DR: Seasonal variation in mesozooplankton, particularly of copepod abundance and distribution in the inner and outer lagoon of Kavaratti atoll were studied during April 2013, September 2013, and January 2014.
Abstract: Lakshadweep archipelago is a group of coral Islands on the West coast of the Arabian Sea. It is one among the unique coral atolls in India that are well known for several species of fishes and other biotic resources. Seasonal variation in mesozooplankton, particularly of copepod abundance and distribution in the inner and outer lagoon of Kavaratti atoll were studied during April 2013 (premonsoon), September 2013 (monsoon) and January 2014 (postmonsoon). Copepods were the most dominant taxa in all the stations and seasons, that accounted 44.15 to 85.97% of the total mesozooplankton abundance. Ostracoda (premonsoon), crustacean larvae (monsoon) and chaetognaths (postmonsoon) formed the abundant groups in the respective seasons. Mesozooplankton community in the study area exhibits temporal variation corresponding to the variation in abiotic parameters therefore can be used as potential indicators of water quality. Calanoid copepods formed the dominant taxa during monsoon and postmonsoon, while cyclopoid copepods dominated during premonsoon. Among the copepods, species of the family Candacidae, Calanidae, Pontellidae, Temoridae, Psuedodiaptomidae, Centropagidae and Oithonidae were predominant. The ten species of calanoids