Telnet

Abstract: The Internet has evolved greatly from its original incarnation. For instance, the vast majority of current Internet usage is data retrieval and service access, whereas the architecture was designed around host-to-host applications such as telnet and ftp. Moreover, the original Internet was a purely transparent carrier of packets, but now the various network stakeholders use middleboxes to improve security and accelerate applications. To adapt to these changes, we propose the Data-Oriented Network Architecture (DONA), which involves a clean-slate redesign of Internet naming and name resolution.

Abstract: Network arrivals are often modeled as Poisson processes for analytic simplicity, even though a number of traffic studies have shown that packet interarrivals are not exponentially distributed. We evaluate 21 wide-area traces, investigating a number of wide-area TCP arrival processes (session and connection arrivals, FTPDATA connection arrivals within FTP sessions, and TELNET packet arrivals) to determine the error introduced by modeling them using Poisson processes. We find that user-initiated TCP session arrivals, such as remote-login and file-transfer, are well-modeled as Poisson processes with fixed hourly rates, but that other connection arrivals deviate considerably from Poisson; that modeling TELNET packet interarrivals as exponential grievously underestimates the burstiness of TELNET traffic, but using the empirical Tcplib[DJCME92] interarrivals preserves burstiness over many time scales; and that FTPDATA connection arrivals within FTP sessions come bunched into “connection burst”, the largest of which are so large that they completely dominate FTPDATA traffic. Finally, we offer some preliminary results regarding how our findings relate to the possible self-similarity of wide-area traffic.

Abstract: We analyze 2.5 million TCP connections that occurred during 14 wide-area traffic traces. The traces were gathered at five “stub” networks and two internetwork gateways, providing a diverse look at wide-area traffic. We derive analytic models describing the random variables associated with telnet, nntp, smtp, and ftp connections, and present a methodology for comparing the effectiveness of the analytic models with empirical models such as tcplib [DJ91]. Overall we find that the analytic models provide good descriptions, generally modeling the various distributions as well as empirical models and in some cases better.