TL;DR: In this article, the SMA coils are restored to the memorized shape when they are conductively heated by means of a current supply circuit, which comprises an input unit for inputting a target value of the bend angle for a leading segment, a sensor for detecting the distance of insertion of the insertion section, and means for controlling the amount of current supply so that the bend angles of each segment agree with a target angle.
Abstract: The distal end of an insertion section of an endoscope is divided into a plurality of segments each including a pair of SMA coils which are arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis and memorize a close-winding shape. As the SMA coils recovers their memorized shape, the distal end of the insertion section is bent. The SMA coils are restored to the memorized shape when they are conductively heated by means of a current supply circuit. The current supply circuit comprises an input unit for inputting a target value of the bend angle for a leading segment, a sensor for detecting the distance of insertion of the insertion section, a detector circuit for detecting the bend angle of each segment, and means for controlling the amount of current supply so that the bend angle of the SMA coils agrees with a target angle. The inputted angle is set as the target angle for the leading segment, and the detected bend angle of each segment is set as the target angle for each succeeding segment. The set value is renewed each time the insertion distance of the insertion section attains a predetermined distance.
TL;DR: In this paper, a servo system for controlling locomotion of a biped walking robot to follow up a target angle for each drive predetermined in series with respect to time is presented.
Abstract: A servo system for controlling locomotion of a biped walking robot to follow up a target angle for each drive predetermined in series with respect to time. The control is stabilized by reducing the load on the on-board computer through the provision of an analog circuit for velocity control which has to be carried out in short control cycle and a digital circuit for positional control which can be carried out in relatively long control cycle. For reducing the control deviation to substantially zero, open-loop control is adopted for the motor angular velocity so as to prevent delay from arising in the joint angle control and position feedback control is conducted only in case where a deviation arises between the target joint angle and the actual joint angle owing to external disturbance or the like.
TL;DR: A modified model of the saccadic programming system for double-step displacements was proposed, and it became clear that the timing of the amplitude transition function and the angle transition function was not coincident.
TL;DR: In this article, the results of direction-of-arrival estimation by eigenvalue analysis are extended to derive a recursive procedure based on a matrix quadratic equation, which is used to provide updated target positions.
Abstract: The use of the output of an array of sensors to track multiple independently moving targets is reported. The output of each sensor in the array is the sum of signals received from each of the targets. The results of direction-of-arrival estimation by eigenvalue analysis are extended to derive a recursive procedure based on a matrix quadratic equation. The solution of this matrix quadratic equation is used to provide updated target positions. A linear approximation method for estimating the solution of the matrix equation is presented. The algorithm is demonstrated by the simulated tracking of two targets. The main advantage of the algorithm is that a closed-form solution for updating the target angle estimates has been obtained. Also, its application is straightforward, and the data association problem due to uncertainty in the origin of the measurements is avoided. However, it requires the inversion of an N*N as well as other linear operations, so that the computational burden becomes substantial as N becomes very large. >
TL;DR: This tutorial-like article will help to link the theory with a practical approach for direction-of-arrival estimation using millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radar systems, and it deals with arising challenges.
Abstract: Have you read everything about direction-of-arrival estimation in textbooks but are still uncertain how to realize it in practice? This tutorial-like article will help to link the theory with a practical approach for direction-of-arrival estimation using millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radar systems, and it deals with arising challenges. Step by step, it is explained how to move from the measured time domain data to the estimated angular position of the target. Since the target angle estimation is usually carried out after range-velocity processing, the required preprocessing steps are described.