TL;DR: At higher concentrations the mixture of tambjamines may be recognized as an alarm pheromone as well as in the case of fish feeding inhibitors, which are shown to beFish feeding inhibitors.
Abstract: The carnivorous nudibranchRoboastra tigris preys preferentially upon two nudibranchs,Tambja abdere andT. eliora, that in turn feed upon the bryozoanSessibugula translucens. All four organisms contain tambjamines A–D (I–IV) that were shown to be fish feeding inhibitors. When attacked byRoboastra, T. abdere secretes a distasteful mucus containing a total of 3 mg of the tambjamines that sometimes causes theRoboastra to break off the attack. Under similar circumstancesT. eliora attempts to swim away; it presumably contains insufficient of the tambjamines to deterRoboastra. Roboastra follows the slime trail of nudibranchs using contact chemoreception and reverses direction when the trail is broken. The slime trail ofT. abdere contains low concentrations of the tambjamines. In Y-maze experiments,T. eliora was attracted towards seawater containingS. translucens and seawater containing 10−10 M tambjamines A and B (1∶1) but was repelled by seawater containing > 10−8 M tambjamines A and B. At higher concentrations the mixture of tambjamines may be recognized as an alarm pheromone.
TL;DR: The authors' phylogenetic reconstructions using both molecular and combined morphological and molecular data support the taxonomic splitting of Nembrothinae into several taxa and rejects the monophyly of "phanerobranch" dorids based on molecular data.
TL;DR: The use of mitochondrial DNA sequence data in a group of nudibranchs to exemplify the longstanding debate on the taxonomic status of Tambja abdere and TambJA fusca and the identification of two juvenile specimens previously considered to represent two different undescribed species of the genus Tambaja from the scarcely explored waters of Costa Rica are reported.
Abstract: The use of morphological characters as the basis for species recognition and identification has permitted the development of a consistent taxonomy. However, limitations are evident when dealing with cryptic speciation or when intra-specific variability matches the total inter-species variation. Molecular techniques complement or enhance morphological inference by providing sets of data directly applicable to the taxonomic problem. Cases in which molecular techniques are particularly relevant are those involving larval or juvenile identification for which taxonomic characters are based on adult organisms and also those in which the original taxon description leads to uncertainty over the applicability of the species name. In this paper we report the use of mitochondrial DNA sequence data in a group of nudibranchs to exemplify the two cases mentioned above. The first issue is the longstanding debate on the taxonomic status of Tambja abdere and Tambja fusca, and the second issue is the identification of two juvenile specimens previously considered to represent two different undescribed species of the genus Tambja from the scarcely explored waters of Costa Rica. We also present a preliminary molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Nembrothinae.
TL;DR: A new species of the genus Tambja is described from the western Atlantic on the coast of Brazil by having very well developed light blue tubercles scattered on the yellowish-orange ground with an elongate crest behind the gill until the end of the tail.
Abstract: A new species of the genus Tambja is described from the western Atlantic on the coast of Brazil. To date, the genus Tambja was represented in the Atlantic Ocean by nine species but only three of them have been recorded from the western Atlantic: T. gratiosa from the Gulf of Mexico, T. divae from Brazil and T. oliva from the Caribbean coast of the Isthmus of Panama. Tambja stegosauriformis sp. nov. is easily distinguished from all its congeneric Atlantic species of the genus by having very well developed light blue tubercles scattered on the yellowish-orange ground with an elongate crest behind the gill until the end of the tail. The anterior margin of the notum is very wide and elevated and it extends into a kind of lapel around the rhinophores. This peculiar external morphology and its conspicuous coloration characterize this species.
TL;DR: The phylogeny presented here has revealed Nembrothinae to be an intricate and challenging group of nudibranchs to study and Intermediate missing species seem to be critical to understanding the evolutionary relationships within this group.