TL;DR: A comparative analysis of the problem of the reproduction of the trajectory of the measuring system using tacheometry, satellite measurements made using a measurement trolley, and mobile satellite measurements shows the convergence of the level of accuracy achieved by different measuring techniques.
Abstract: The problem of the reproduction of the railway geometric layout in the global spatial system is currently solved in the form of measurements that use geodetic railway networks and also, in recent years, efficient methods of mobile positioning (mainly satellite and inert). The team of authors from the Gdansk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia as part of the research project InnoSatTrack is looking for effective and efficient methods for the inventory of railway lines. The research is part of a wider investigation BRIK (Research and Development in Railway Infrastructure, in polish: Badania i Rozwoj w Infrastrukturze Kolejowej). This paper presents a comparative analysis of the problem of the reproduction of the trajectory of the measuring system using tacheometry, satellite measurements made using a measurement trolley, and mobile satellite measurements. Algorithms enabling the assessment of the compliance of satellite measurements with classic tacheometric measurements were presented. To this end, the authors held measurement sessions using modern geodetic instruments and satellite navigation on a section of the railway line. The results of the measurements indicate the convergence of the level of accuracy achieved by different measuring techniques.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used hemispherical digital photography obtained from a fish-eye lens for advanced GPS mission planning in urban area, so called "urban canyon" and under some tree canopy.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied AutoCAD and SDR Mapping and Design software is applied to produce topographic plan in golf driving range UTHM and the result of this study shows the area of highest and lowest level in golf Driving range.
Abstract: Water stagnant due to heavy rainfall is one of the problem that could be avoid with designing the drainage and levelling the land surface properly. The research had been carried out to helping the responsible department in University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) which is Pejabat Pembangunan dan Penyenggaraan (PPP). The method that use in this research are levelling, traverse and tacheometry. For the levelling method, it was to obtain the different level of surface in golf driving range. Method of traverse in this research to determine the boundaries of golf driving range and the method of tacheometry is to obtaining the topographic plan and mapping of golf driving range. Automatic levelling equipment and total station were use in this research. In this study, AutoCAD and SDR Mapping and Design software is applied to produce topographic plan in golf driving range UTHM. The result of this study shows the area of highest and lowest level in golf driving range. The highest point level in study area is 99.908 and the lowest level is 99.302. From the analysis that has been done, the caused of water stagnant in golf driving range is the surface of area had different level and the water run-off were accumulate at the lowest level. The suggestion to solve this problem are to carry out the land reclaimation at the lower level and redesign the drainage in golf driving range.