Abstract: During May and June 1970–79, ca. 300–730 box traps painted with light or dark colors were placed around the perimeters of Cape Cod salt marshes to capture green head flies ( Tabanus lineola and T. nigrovittatus ) which emerge during July and Aug. Yearly fluctuations in the average counts from a sample of 33 box traps visited weekly, generally correlated with average counts from unpainted, adhesive-smeared, square, masonite traps located at 6 sites in the experimental and 2 sites in the control marshes. These data and annual counts from ca. 40 additional box traps indicated that trap catches were related to annual variations in greenhead populations, marsh size, random movement of flies, and weather conditions rather than to the box trap colors. Over the 10- yr. period, a noticeable and measurable decrease in the nuisance level of the flies occurred around the perimeters of all marshes containing box traps. Samples of Tabanus taken from the traps were identified as 95.9% T. nigrovittatus) females, 3.6% T. lineola females, 0.4% T. lineola males, and small numbers of T. atratus females, T. nigrovittatus males, and other T. spp. None of the trapped female Tabanus which were killed and examined internally contained blood in the digestive tract, and almost 100% were parous. A list of other insects found in the box traps is given.
TL;DR: CO2 alone and in combination with the octenol/phenol mixture enhanced overall tabanid collections three- to four-fold compared with no odor, and Tabanus mixis Philip showed no tier preference in traps baited by CO2 alone, whereas Tabanus lineola F. showed no stratification difference with or without odors.
Abstract: The French 2-tier box trap was evaluated in northwestern Florida to determine its attractiveness to host-seeking tabanids (Diptera) when baited with either CO2 alone; a 4:1:8 mixture of octenol, 3-n-propylphenol, and 4-methylphenol; or a combination of CO2 plus 4:1:8 mixture. Six genera representing 43 species were obtained from this trap. Chrysops and Tabanus made up 10.3 and 87.4% of the total, respectively, with Chrysops celatus Pechuman and Tabanus pallidescens Philip as the predominate species from these two genera. CO2 alone and in combination with the octenol/phenol mixture enhanced overall tabanid collections three- to four-fold compared with no odor. Generally, more species were collected in the top tier of the French 2-tier trap regardless of treatment. Those species that showed a significant difference between top and bottom tiers in traps without odors continued this trend when traps were baited with the semiochemicals. However, Tabanus mixis Philip showed no tier preference in traps baited by CO2 alone, whereas Tabanus lineola F. showed no stratification difference with or without odors.
TL;DR: Lack of response to synthetic T. atratus hypotrehalosaemic by starved T. lineola suggests an inhibition of the hyperlipaemic/glycaemic response when the available tissue reserves falls below a given level.
TL;DR: Strain TALS-2T (= ATCC 51749), a representative of group XXVII, is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma lineolae (Mollicutes: Entomoplasmatales).
Abstract: Spiroplasma strain TALS-2T from the viscera of the striped horsefly, Tabanus lineola, collected in Georgia was serologically distinct from other Spiroplasma species, groups, putative groups, and subgroups. Light and electron microscopy of cells of strain TALS-2T revealed helical motile cells surrounded only by a single cytoplasmic membrane. The organism grew in M1D and SP-4 liquid media. Growth also occurred in 1% serum fraction medium and in conventional horse serum medium. Growth in liquid media was serum dependent. The strain passed through 220-nm filter pores, but was retained in filters with 100-nm pores. The optimum temperature for growth was 30°C. Multiplication occurred at temperatures from 20 to 37°C, with a doubling time at the optimum temperature of 5.6 h in M1D broth. Strain TALS-2T catabolized glucose but hydrolyzed neither arginine nor urea. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 25 ± 1 mol%. The genome size was 1,390 kbp. Six isolates serologically similar to strain TALS-2T were obtained from the same host in coastal Georgia. Three strains closely related to strain TALS-2T were isolated from the horsefly Poeciloderas quadripunctatus in Costa Rica. Strain TALS-2T (= ATCC 51749), a representative of group XXVII, is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma lineolae (Mollicutes: Entomoplasmatales).
TL;DR: Tabanus lineola lineola F. oviposits near the upland on the tips of the salt marsh grasses, mainly Spartina alterniflora, and in captivity live 3-42 days, with an average of 16 days.
Abstract: Tabanus lineola lineola F. oviposits near the upland on the tips of the salt marsh grasses, mainly Spartina alterniflora . The egg masses contain an average of 208 eggs. The larvae are spindle-shaped and vermiform, ca. 2 mm in length at hatching and increase to 20-24 mm before pupation. They pupate after 8-10 instars, males averaging one fewer molt than the females. The pupa is 11-19 mm and the adult emerges from it in 7-16 days. The adults in captivity live 3-42 days, with an average of 16 days. Frequently, Telenomus etnersoni (Girault), a parasite, and Naemia seriata Melsheimer, a predator, attacked the egg masses on the salt marsh.