About: Synonym is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 820 publications have been published within this topic receiving 7784 citations. The topic is also known as: synonyms & synonymum.
TL;DR: This work is intended as a consensus list of valid tick names, following recent revisionary studies, wherein it recognizes 896 species of ticks in 3 families.
Abstract: This work is intended as a consensus list of valid tick names, following recent revisionary studies, wherein we recognize 896 species of ticks in 3 families. The Nuttalliellidae is monotypic, containing the single entity Nuttalliella namaqua. The Argasidae consists of 193 species, but there is widespread disagreement concerning the genera in this family, and fully 133 argasids will have to be further studied before any consensus can be reached on the issue of genus-level classification. The Ixodidae comprises 702 species in 14 genera: Amblyomma (130 species, of which 17 were formerly included in Aponomma, a genus that is still considered valid by some authors), Anomalohimalaya (3), Bothriocroton (7, all previously included in Aponomma), Cosmiomma (1), Cornupalpatum (1), Compluriscutula (1), Dermacentor (34, including the single member of the former genus Anocentor, which is still considered valid by some authors), Haemaphysalis (166), Hyalomma (27), Ixodes (243), Margaropus (3), Nosomma (2), Rhipicentor (2) and Rhipicephalus (82, including 5 species from the former genus Boophilus, which is still considered valid by some authors). We regard six names as invalid: Amblyomma laticaudae Warburton, 1933 is a synonym of Amblyomma nitidum Hirst & Hirst, 1910; Bothriocroton decorosum (Koch, 1867) is a synonym of B. undatum (Fabricius, 1775); Haemaphysalis vietnamensis Hoogstraal & Wilson, 1966 is a synonym of H. colasbelcouri (Santos Dias, 1958); Haemaphysalis xinjiangensis Teng, 1980 is a synonym of H. danieli C erný & Hoogstraal, 1977; Hyalomma erythraeum Tonelli-Rondelli, 1932 is a synonym of H. impeltatum Schulze and Schlottke, 1930 and Rhipicephalus hoogstraali Kolonin, 2009 was not described according to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
TL;DR: The Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region are catalogued and 843 extant and 3 extinct species in 84 genera are listed together with their synonyms, giving a total of 1209 names.
Abstract: The Muscidae (Diptera) of the Neotropical Region are catalogued. 843 extant and 3 extinct species in 84 genera are listed together with their synonyms, giving a total of 1209 names. References are given to the original descriptions and the subsequent taxonomic, biological and applied literature, the location of types, and the geographic distribution. A comprehensive bibliography is provided. There are one new specific synonym, one new generic synonym, 15 new combinations, one new specific name, two new generic names, and one re-instated name (with a second one that is accepted here but is being formally re-instated in a paper listed as "in press").
TL;DR: This work is a taxonomic review of the 12 valid species of Epicadinus as listed in version 19 of the World Spider Catalogue (2018), whose hitherto known distribution included few records from Brazil, French Guiana, Bolivia and Peru, and only one from Mexico.
Abstract: The genus Epicadinus Simon, 1895 can easily be distinguished from the other Neotropical Stephanopines by their abundant and robust setiferous tubercles, topped by elongated macrosetae, which cover most of the tegument. Additionally, the genus can be recognized by a pair of conical ocular mounds above the ALE, the anterior eye row very recurved, posterior one slightly procurved; carapace flattened and without tubercles, and opisthosoma with three conical projections (“tubercles”) of variable size and shape. This work is a taxonomic review of the 12 valid species of Epicadinus as listed in version 19 of the World Spider Catalogue (2018), whose hitherto known distribution included few records from Brazil, French Guiana, Bolivia and Peru, and only one from Mexico. Four valid species are recognized: Epicadinus biocellatus Mello-Leitao, 1929; E. trispinosus (Taczanowski, 1872) [with two junior synonyms E. trifidus (Pickard-Cambridge, 1893) syn. nov. and E. cornutus (Taczanowski, 1872) syn. nov.]; E. spinipes (Blackwall, 1862) [with two junior synonyms E. albimaculatus Mello-Leitao, 1929 syn. nov. and E. gavensis Soares, 1946 syn. nov]; and E. villosus [with two junior synonyms E. helenae Piza, 1936 syn. nov. and E. marmoratus Mello-Leitao, 1947 syn. nov.]. Epicadinus polyophthalmus Mello-Leitao, 1929 and Epicadinus tuberculatus Petrunkevitch, 1910 are transferred to Epicadus. Epicadus polyophthalmus (Mello-Leitao, 1929) comb. nov. is considered a nomen dubium . Epicadus tuberculatus (Petrunkevitch, 1910) comb. nov. is a senior synonym of Epicadus pustulosus (Mello-Leitao, 1929) syn. nov.
TL;DR: The genus Eburodacrys White, 1853 is redescribed and the geographical distribution of 26 species is expanded and the specific locality in Colombia for E. ayri Galileo & Martins, 2006 and in Argentina forE.
Abstract: The genus Eburodacrys White, 1853 is redescribed. Four new species are proposed: Eburodacrys yolandae, from Colombia; E. eduardoi and E. bezarki, from Brazil, and E. santossilvai, from Venezuela. Eburodacrys curialis Gounelle, 1909; and Eburodacrys hesperidis Chemsak & Linsley, 1970 are proposed as synonyms of Eburodacrys nemorivaga Gounelle, 1909; and Eburodacrys amabilis Galileo & Martins, 2009 as synonym of Eburodacrys sulfurifera Gounelle, 1909. The genus is now composed of 89 species. The geographical distribution of 26 species is expanded and the specific locality in Colombia for E. ayri Galileo & Martins, 2006 and in Argentina for E. seabrai Zajciw 1958 are provided. Photographs of Eburodacrys species are included and a key to differentiate them is provided.
TL;DR: This paper describes and analyzes the SemEval 2014 Task 1 system, which features are based on distributional and denotational similarities; word alignment; negation; and hypernym/hyponym, synonym, and antonym relations.
Abstract: This paper describes and analyzes our SemEval 2014 Task 1 system. Its features are based on distributional and denotational similarities; word alignment; negation; and hypernym/hyponym, synonym, and antonym relations.