Abstract: Using techniques from active control theory, we demonstrate that a coupled Lorenz system can be synchronized. The application of the control elements is sequentially applied and the ensuing synchronization is displayed.

Abstract: We present a new technique for removing unnecessary synchronization operations from statically compiled Java programs. Our approach improves upon current efforts based on escape analysis, as it can eliminate synchronization operations even on objects that escape their allocating threads. It makes use of a compact, equivalence-class-based representation that eliminates the need for fixed point operations during the analysis. We describe and evaluate the performance of an implementation in the Marmot native Java compiler. For the benchmark programs examined, the optimization removes 100% of the dynamic synchronization operations in single-threaded programs, and 0-99% in multi-threaded programs, at a low cost in additional compilation time and code growth.

Abstract: A method of relaying data between mobile stations in a cellular communications system is provided. The system comprises a number of mobile stations and base stations. Each base station makes synchronization transmissions within its area of covers, which define a broadcast control channel for the transmission of broadcast data from the base station to mobile stations within the area of coverage. The synchronization transmissions are received at mobile stations within the area of coverage, which extracts data defining the broadcast control channel, and at least one calling channel on which mobile stations can transmit probe data to one another. The probe data is used by the mobile stations to obtain connectivity information relating to the availability of other mobile stations. The synchronization transmissions also contain data which is used to define at least one traffic channel which is used by the mobile stations to relay message data between themselves. Effectively, the method of the invention provides a hybrid system which combines conventional cellular technology with opportunistic relaying technology.

Abstract: A high-performance implementation of a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) consists of efficient implementation of Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation, exception handling, synchronization mechanism, and garbage collection (GC). These components are tightly coupled to achieve high performance. In this paper, we present some static anddynamic techniques implemented in the JIT compilation and exception handling of the Microprocessor Research Lab Virtual Machine (MRL VM), i.e., lazy exceptions, lazy GC mapping, dynamic patching, and bounds checking elimination. Our experiments used IA-32 as the hardware platform, but the optimizations can be generalized to other architectures.

Abstract: The present invention employs one or more complementary sequences, e.g., Golay pairs of sequences, to provide accurate and efficient synchronization between radio transceivers. A matched filter corresponding to a complementary pair of sequences is used to correlate the received signal with one of the complementary pair of sequences. A peak output is detected from the matched filter, and the detected peak is used to generate a timing estimate for synchronizing transmissions between transceivers. Each of the complementary sequences has minimal aperiodic autocorrelation sidelobe values for all non-zero delays of that complementary sequence and a maximal autocorrelation main lobe value for a zero delay of that complementary sequence. The one sequence may be used as a preamble portion of a random access message transmitted by a mobile station to a base station over a random access channel. The sequence may also be used as a synchronization code transmitted by the base over a synchronization channel and used by mobile stations to obtain synchronization. An efficient Golay correlator and a bank of efficient Golay correlators for correlating respectively with a single sequence and with a set of orthogonal sequences are disclosed.

Abstract: The frame words of the embodiments are suitable for frame synchronization and/or channel estimation. By adding the autocorrelation and/or cross-correlation functions of frame words, double maximum values equal in magnitude and opposite polarity at zero and middle shifts are obtained. This property can be used to slot-by-slot, double-check frame synchronization timing, single frame synchronization and/or channel estimation and allows reduction of the synchronization search time. Further, the present invention allows a simpler construction of a correlator circuit for a receiver. A frame synchronization apparatus and method using an optimal pilot pattern is used in a wide band code division multiple Access (W-CDMA) next generation mobile communication system.

Abstract: FaceSync is an optimal linear algorithm that finds the degree of synchronization between the audio and image recordings of a human speaker. Using canonical correlation, it finds the best direction to combine all the audio and image data, projecting them onto a single axis. FaceSync uses Pearson's correlation to measure the degree of synchronization between the audio and image data. We derive the optimal linear transform to combine the audio and visual information and describe an implementation that avoids the numerical problems caused by computing the correlation matrices.

Abstract: The relation between generalized synchronization and phase synchronization is investigated. It was claimed that generalized synchronization always leads to phase synchronization, and phase synchronization is a weaker form than generalized synchronization. We propose examples that generalized synchronization can be weaker than phase synchronization, depending on parameter misfits. Moreover, generalized synchronization does not always lead to phase synchronization.

Abstract: A synchronization confirmation method required for operation of a database is provided to a host device connected to a disk device which provides remote asynchronous data transfer. Immediately after commit of write data, an application of the host device issues a sync command which requires synchronization confirmation. A disk control device notifies the host device of a number concerning latest data received from the host device of a local side and a number concerning latest data received by a remote side. When the two numbers have coincided with each other, the host device judges the commit operation to have been completed.

Abstract: This paperless book is portable and uses removable ROM devices to provide the visual and aural information displayed in the paperless book. The book can be read in a visual mode, as print, or in an aural mode, as the spoken word corresponding to the print, or in both visual and aural modes. The display mode may be conveniently shifted back and forth between visual and aural, for use, for example, by a counter who uses the book in the aural mode while driving and switches to the visual mode while riding on a train. In addition, the visual display may be manipulated affecting the appearance, for use, for example, by persons with reduced visual acuity. Movies also may be viewed using the paperless book. Finally, portions of the text may be enhanced by additional visual images, music or other sounds.

Abstract: A unified policy management system for an organization including a central policy server and remotely situated policy enforcers. The central policy server includes a central database storing configuration information for the remotely situated policy enforcers. Each policy enforcer includes a policy enforcer database storing a portion of the configuration information associated with the policy enforcer. Changes in the policy settings made at the central policy server are stored in a log for later processing and sending to the appropriate policy enforcers. Upon receipt of the change information, each receiving policy enforcer updates the portion of its policy enforcer database affected by the change.

Abstract: Two electronic devices automatically perform a synchronization session when one of the electronic devices is brought in proximity to the other electronic device. The synchronization session is initiated without user intervention based simply on the fact that the two devices have recently been brought within a predetermined distance of each other. The two electronic devices communicate in a wireless manner. The two devices may determine that they are within a predetermined distance of each other using global positioning technology, via which one of the devices determines its own position and compares it to a known position of the other electronic device. Alternatively, one of the electronic devices may output a low level signal that can be received by the other electronic device when within a certain range. Once the low level signal is received, the recipient of the low level signal outputs a stronger signal to ensure that it is received by the other electronic device requesting a synchronization session, which once established enables synchronization of information between the two devices.

Abstract: The stability of the state of motion in which a collection of coupled oscillators are in identical synchrony is often a primary and crucial issue. When synchronization stability is needed for many different configurations of the oscillators the problem can become computationally intense. In addition, there is often no general guidance on how to change a configuration to enhance or diminsh stability, depending on the requirements. We have recently introduced a concept called the Master Stability Function that is designed to accomplish two goals: (1) decrease the numerical load in calculating synchronization stability and (2) provide guidance in designing coupling configurations that conform to the stability required. In doing this, we develop a very general formulation of the identical synchronization problem, show that asymptotic results can be derived for very general cases, and demonstrate that simple oscillator configurations can probe the Master Stability Function.

Abstract: In an integrated development environment, there is a tight coupling between a design surface providing a visual representation of the various physical and logical entities in a software model and the underlying code structures that support the entities. The model can include varying combinations of a component model, a high level design whiteboard, or a physical model. Every object defined within the design surface is capable of being mapped directly to an underlying code structure. The model is a graphical representation of the actual code, thus providing two way updating, i.e., the model is updated when the programmer changes the code and vice versa.

Abstract: A method for wireless synchronization of first (A) and second (B) magnetic electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems arranged for operation in close proximity to one another, comprising the steps of: programming each of the first and second EAS systems for transmitting at least one unique signal into respective and partially overlapping interrogation zones of the first and second EAS systems and for receiving any signals from the interrogation zones at respective and predetermined transmit and receive phases relative to a common reference; transmitting a unique signal from the first EAS system (30); receiving and identifying the at least one unique signal at the second EAS system during one of the receiver phases (50C); and, transmitting from the second EAS system synchronously with the transmitting from the first EAS system, responsive to the conveyed phase information (32).

Abstract: A system and method is provided for transferring information, such as Internet content. The system may provide freeform browsing on a wireless limited-display device, Internet content distillation, targeted content delivery based on a user's location, one-hop delivery of Internet content to a wireless limited-display device, Internet content flagging and synchronization of information between a wireless limited-display device and another device such as a personal computer (PC).

Abstract: Motor-unit synchronization, which is a measure of the near simultaneous discharge of action potentials by motor units, has the potential to influence spike-triggered average force and the steadines...

Abstract: Synchronization of complex/chaotic systems is reviewed from a dynamical control perspective. It is shown that notions like observer and feedback control are essential in the problem of how to achieve synchronization between two systems on the basis of partial state measurements of one of the systems. Examples are given to demonstrate the main results.

Abstract: A method for mitigating the effect of interference between a fist base station and a second base station, the first base station and second base stations both sharing a same primary synchronization code. The method includes generating a primary synchronization channel having the primary synchronization code. In a W-CDMA system, all base stations share this primary synchronization code, causing code timing collisions. The present invention includes rotating the primary synchronization channel in phase according to a phase rotation sequence before transmitting the primary synchronization channel. By rotating the primary synchronization channel in phase according to the phase rotation sequence, the interference can be reduced. The phase rotation sequence may be pseudorandom in phase. The phase rotation sequence may include changing phase once per slot, or alternately once per frame. The phase rotation sequence may also be based at least in part on a secondary synchronization code.

Abstract: A method and system for protecting portable computer data from unauthorized transfer or using portable computers to download unauthorized data. The invention is applicable to any computer capable of transferring data, but in one embodiment a portable computer is described. Authorization is enabled by an interface permitting synchronization of the portable computer with a host computer by authentication of the particular portable computer identity. For instance, in one embodiment, when a portable computer is docked with a compatible interface connected to a host desktop computer, it is sensed and identified by the interface. If the particular portable computer identity is authenticated as authorized for that desktop, then synchronization will be enabled by the interface. The computers may then transfer data. However, if the identity is not an authorized one, then authentication will not occur, synchronization is correspondingly disabled, and data transfer is prevented. Various systems can enable the identity authentication.

Abstract: This paper treats the problem of simultaneously synchronizing two different pairs of chaotic oscillators with a single scalar signal. The condition for dual synchronization is obtained explicitly for chaotic oscillators represented by specific classes of piecewise-linear maps with conditional linear coupling. Dual synchronization with conditional linear coupling is also demonstrated numerically for oscillators modeled by a number of different classes of maps, and for oscillators modelled by delay-differential equations.

Abstract: The computer industry is currently examining the use of strong synchronization operations such as double compare-and-swap (DCAS) as a means of supporting non-blocking synchronization on tomorrow's multiprocessor machines. However, before such a strong primitive will be incorporated into hardware design, its utility needs to be proven by developing a body of effective non-blocking data structures using DCAS.As part of this effort, we present two new linearizable non-blocking implementations of concurrent deques using the DCAS operation. The first uses an array representation, and improves on former algorithms by allowing uninterrupted concurrent access to both ends of the deque while correctly handling the difficult boundary cases when the deque is empty or full. The second uses a linked-list representation, and is the first non-blocking unbounded-memory deque implementation. It too allows uninterrupted concurrent access to both ends of the deque.

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a new technique for modeling and solving the dynamic power management (DPM) problem for systems with complex behavioral characteristics such as concurrency, synchronization, mutual exclusion and conflict. We model a power-managed distributed computing system as a controllable Generalized Stochastic Petri Net (GSPN) with cost. The obtained GSPN model is automatically converted to an equivalent continuous-time Markov decision process. Given the delay constraints, the optimal power management policy for system components as well as the optimal dispatch policy for requests are calculated by solving a linear programming problem based on the Markov decision process. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can achieve more than 20% power saving compared to other existing DPM techniques.

Abstract: We study the synchronization problem in discrete-time via an extended Kalman filter (EKF). That is, synchronization is obtained of transmitter and receiver dynamics in case the receiver is given via an EKF that is driven by a noisy drive signal from a noisy transmitter dynamics. The convergence of the filter dynamics towards the transmitter dynamics is rigorously shown using recent results in extended Kalman filtering. Two extensive simulation examples show that the filter is indeed suitable for synchronization of (noisy) chaotic transmitter dynamics. An application to private communication is also given.

Abstract: We investigate the phase synchronization of heartbeat and respiration in a group of healthy infants. Having presented and compared two quantitative measures of synchronization, we conclude that one of these measures — the conditional probability index — allows reliable detection of synchronous epochs of different order n:m and, thus, makes possible an automatic processing of large data sets. In our analysis of experimental time series, we have found numerous epochs of phase synchronization. It turned out that the average degree of synchronization varies with the age of the newborns.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a computer software framework and method for synchronizing data across multiple databases. The present invention discloses a method for synchronizing data, which comprises instantiating a first data synchronization service object and a second data synchronization object. The first data synchronization service object is connected to a first datastore, and the second data synchronization service object is connected to a second datastore. A data synchronization message containing relevant information is sent from the first data synchronization service object to an outbox queue on the first datastore. The data synchronization message is propagated from the outbox queue on the first datastore to an inbox queue on the second datastore. The data synchronization message is received from the inbox queue on the second datastore to the second data synchronization object, and the relevant information is persisted in the second datastore. The present invention further discloses a data synchronization framework, which comprises a data synchronization service object connected to an underlying datastore. The data synchronization service object contains a method to send an outgoing synchronization message to the datastore and further contains a method to retrieve an incoming synchronization message from the datastore. The data synchronization framework further comprises a persistence component for persisting relevant information contained in the retrieved incoming data synchronization message to the underlying datastore in response to a persistence request from the synchronization service object. In a preferred embodiment, the datastore is a relational database having an inbox queue and an outbox queue.

Abstract: A data storage, multiplexing, and distribution method is provided for use in a digital data distribution system. The system provides simultaneous transmission of a plurality of uniquely identified, independent data streams within an assigned channel bandwidth of local, metropolitan and wide area distribution media. The independent data streams can include presentations specifically requested by the receiving user. Upon request from some number of users from their premises, the system assembles a combination of optional image elements such as motion and still frame video, background and descriptive audio, text and graphical overlays into presentation data streams appropriate to the user requests. Individual data streams are multiplexed within a higher bandwidth data stream for simultaneous delivery within the bandwidth assigned for this data transmission. The techniques unique to the system, in regard to storage, timing and synchronization, can be implemented using techniques described within the MPEG profile.