Substantive dye

Abstract: In previous communications* from this laboratory some of the properties of benzopurpurine 4B and the isomer prepared from m-tolidine have been described. These two dyes (which will be referred to briefly as the " 4B " and " meta " dye, respectively) differ in chemical constitution only by the position of two methyl groups, but show striking differences in their colloidal properties.* Further, the 4B dye is a well-known cotton substantive dye, while the meta dye is not sufficiently substantive to be of any practical value. A comprehensive study of the solutions of these two substances is therefore of considerable interest, for it should not only extend our knowledge of colloidal electrolytes, but should throw some light on the theory of dyeing. In the previous communications it was shown that the viscosities, conductivities, and osmotic pressures of the half per cent. (N/70) solutions of the two dyes are about the same. On the other hand, the 4B dye was Found to be stopped by much coarser ultrafilters, and is flocculated completely by small concentrations of electrolytes, while the meta dye is never completely flocculated, even by very large concentrations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fabric treatment composition comprising surfactant, fabric substantive dye and dye auxiliary agent. The fabric treatment composition of the invention can be used to change, refresh or maintain the colour of fabric.

Abstract: Reactive dye dyeing was performed on cellulose fibers in combination with cellulase treatment. First, polynosic and cupra fibers were selected to discuss the saturation dye uptake of the previously cellulase-treated fibers. Cupra fiber exhibited a similar saturation dyeuptake dependence on weight loss, irrespective of dye species and the substantivity of the dyes. In the polynosic fiber, the saturation dye-uptake dependence on weight loss exhibited a minimum using a lower substantive dye and a maximum using a higher substantive dye. Comparative discussions of the saturation dye uptake based on X-ray and infrared measurements led to the assumption that a region dyeable with the higher substantive dye is created by the cellulase treatment of the polynosic fiber. This region is assumed to have some degree of order as shown by infrared spectroscopy. Next, cotton fiber, which is important from a practical viewpoint, is dyed and then hydrolyzed. It was found that the hydrolysis of cotton fiber dyed with a reactive monofunctional dye was retarded almost in the same manner as that dyed with Congo Red. The hydrolysis of cotton fiber dyed with dyes of higher substantivity and more bifunctional property was probably retarded to a greater extent compared to dyes of lower substantivity and less bifunctional property. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Abstract: Cellulose monolayers have been spread on dilute solutions of Janus Red B (C. I. 26115) a cationic substantive dye (I); a monochlorotriazinyl (hot–dyeing) reactive dye (II) and a dichlorotriazinyl (cold–dyeing) reactive dye (III), under various conditions. I forms mixed films, in which the dye molecules (which are surface–active) are probably oriented between the cellulose chains. The substantivity of this dye for cellulose fibres has no apparent influence on its behaviour towards the film, thus re–inforcing previous conclusions that substantivity is largely a result of fibre morphology. II, at high pH, reacts with the film, making it relatively incompressible, but not causing much expansion. The dye, after reaction, is believed to be oriented beneath the film. III shows much more marked effects than II. With rise in pH and on standing for 24 h or more, it causes a large expansion of the film, which becomes incompressible with an immeasurably high viscosity. It is suggested that the dye molecules are in the surface, interposed between, and crosslinking, the cellulose chains, and appear to have reacted on each side of each glucose residue.