TL;DR: In this paper, two psychosynthesis techniques that student sojourners found helpful in their acculturation process were described. But the authors did not consider the psychological aspects of culture shock, such as affective, behavioral and cognitive aspects.
Abstract: As the number of international students continues to increase worldwide, their experience of culture shock has been well-researched. Missing, however, from the culture shock literature is the perspective of psychosynthesis psychology and its methodology to deal with the affective, behavioral, and cognitive (ABC) aspects of shock and adaptation. This article illustrates two psychosynthesis techniques that student sojourners found helpful in their acculturation process. Firstly, the self-identification exercise eased anxiety, an affective aspect of culture shock. Secondly, the subpersonality model aided students in their ability to integrate a new social identity, the cornerstone of the cognitive aspect. With a new integrated identity, students changed their behavior (the second ABC component) and new creative energies were released. These qualitative findings are supported by the testimonies of nine international student sojourners in the Netherlands who received psychosynthesis counseling. In addition, a case study demonstrates subpersonality integration and its role in helping students to come into relationship with themselves as well as others. The self-identification exercise and subpersonality model are not only effective tools for aiding sojourners in their adaptation to a host country, but viable methodologies for anyone searching to synthesize a new personal and social identity.
TL;DR: In multiple personality disorder, conflicting portions of the original personality have become 2 or more, largely disparate and autonomous personalities as mentioned in this paper, each may be called a subpersonality, and at least one has some amnesia for the other.
Abstract: In multiple personality, conflicting portions of the original personality have become 2 or more, largely disparate and autonomous personalities. Being a portion, each may be called a subpersonality. Of each 2 subpersonalities, at least one has some amnesia for the other. The therapist must be especially competent, particularly if he uses any hypnosis, deep analysis, or strong suggestion. He must avoid whatever may separate the subpersonalities further. He must help the subpersonalities to unite in common understanding, interests, memories, and living as a complete person. Electroshock is contraindicated. Useful methods may well include group therapy, especially when the other members, as witnesses, can help each subpersonality to remember each other subpersonality's behavior, feelings, and thoughts and to merge to become whole.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that the patterning of subpersonality complexes provides a structural basis in the psyche for H.J.M. Hermans's notion of movement within the ''dialogical self''.
Abstract: From the standpoint of Jung's analytical psychology, the empirical, ego-aligned `self is always in dialogue with an ego-alien `other'. By carefully attending to what a client experiences as self and as other, a Jungian analyst can identify various subpersonalities in dialogue. The valuations expressed by subpersonalities can be further differentiated through the use of Jung's theory of psychological type to reveal a definite pattern, which can be represented through an archetypal model that consists of a fourfold self shadowed by a fourfold other. This template is illustrated with an analysis of Woody Allen's movie Husbands and Wives, seen as the film-maker's active imagination of various subpersonalities attempting to establish dialogue with each other through gestures of marriage, separation and remarriage. It is argued that the patterning of subpersonality `complexes' provides a structural basis in the psyche for H.J.M. Hermans's notion of movement within the `dialogical self.
TL;DR: A series of postulates and corollaries are proposed in this article that form the skeleton of a formal theory of personality based on the concept of sub-self, and structural, developmental, psychopathological, and psychotherapeutic implications are discussed.
Abstract: Previous theories of personality have introduced the concepts of ego states, complexes, subsystems, subpersonalities, and subselves. A series of postulates and corollaries are proposed in the present paper that form the skeleton of a formal theory of personality based on the concept of subselves. Structural, developmental, psychopathological, and psychotherapeutic implications are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated how creativity can be enhanced in health psychology research and found that interventions that enable the enhancement of creativity can improve health and well-being of patients.
Abstract: Given the great importance of creativity in society, and in health psychology in particular, investigating how creativity can be enhanced is a valuable area of research. Interventions that enable i...