Topic
Subject complement
About: Subject complement is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 23 publications have been published within this topic receiving 88 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: This study addresses the question to what extent German and Spanish learners of English as a second language (L2) produce and omit the complementizer under similar conditions, and suggests that L2 learners display a lower rate of complementizer omission.
Abstract: In certain English finite complement clauses, inclusion of the complementizer that is optional. Previous research has identified various factors that influence when native speakers tend to produce or omit the complementizer, including syntactic weight, clause juncture constraints, and predicate frequency. The present study addresses the question to what extent German and Spanish learners of English as a second language (L2) produce and omit the complementizer under similar conditions. 3,622 instances of English adjectival, object, and subject complement constructions were retrieved from the International Corpus of English and the German and Spanish components of the International Corpus of Learner English. A logistic regression model suggests that L2 learners’ and natives’ production is largely governed by the same factors. However, in comparison with native speakers, L2 learners display a lower rate of complementizer omission. They are more impacted by processing-related factors such as complexity and clause juncture, and less sensitive to verb-construction cue validity.
29 citations
Book•
11 Feb 1997
TL;DR: Verbs Followed by infinitives Appendix 4: Verbs followed by Gerunds or Infinitives.
Abstract: Preface PART 1: TENSE REVIEW Lesson One 1-1 Present Time 1-2 Non-continuous Verbs 1-3 Past Time to Present Time 1-4 Past Time 1-5 Future Time 1-6 Adverbial Time Expressions Lesson Two 2-1 Past Perfect 2-2 Past Perfect Continuous Lesson Three 3-1 Future Continuous 3-2 Future Perfect and Future Perfect continuous Practice Exam PART 2: COORDINATION Lesson Four 4-1 Coordinating Conjunctions and Parallel Structure 4-2 Connecting Complete Sentences 4-3 Connecting more Than Two Sentences Lesson Five 5-1 Correlative Conjunctions: Either ... Or 5-2 Correlative Conjunctions: Neither ... Nor 5-3 Correlative Conjunctions: Not only ... But also 5-4 Correlative Conjunctions: Both ... And Lesson Six 6-1 Conjunctive Adverbs 6-2 Position and Punctuation of Conjunctive Adverbs Practice Exam Part 3: INDIRECT SPEECH Lesson Seven 7-1 Basics of Indirect Speech 7-2 Reporting Statements 7-3 Reporting Questions and Answers 7-4 Reporting Commands and Requests 7-5 Reporting Exclamations Practice Exam PART 4: SUBORDINATION Lesson Eight 8-1 Adverbial Clauses 8-2 Sequence of Tenses 8-3 Building Sentences with Adverb Clauses 8-4 Reduction of Adverb Clauses Practice Exam Lesson Nine 9-1 Adjective Clauses 9-2 Necessary vs. Unnecessary Adjective Clauses 9-3 Grammatical Functions of Relative Pronouns 9-4 Unnecessary Adjective Clauses That Refer to Complete Sentences 9-5 Reduction of Adjective Clauses Practice Exam Lesson Ten 10-1 Noun Clauses 10-2 -Ever Words in Noun Clauses 10-3 Noun Clauses Beginning with That 10-4 Subjunctive form of the Verb in Noun Clauses Practice Exam PART 5: PASSIVE VOICE Lesson Eleven 11-1 Forming the Passive 11-2 Using the Pressure 11-3 Indirect Objects and Direct Objects as Passive Subjects PART 6: Modal Auxiliaries Lesson Twelve 12-1 Advisability vs. Necessity 12-2 Past Regrets and Criticisms: Should, Ought to 12-3 Logical Conclusion vs. Expectation 12-4 Suggestions: Could 1205 Possibilities: May, Might, Could 12-6 Possibilities and Impossibilities 12-7 Degrees of Certainty Practice Elam PART 7: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Lesson Thirteen 13-1 Future Real vs. Present/Future Unreal 13-2 Past Unreal 13-3 Replacing If 13-4 Mixed Conditional Sentences Practice Exam PART 8: VERBALS Lesson Fourteen 14-1 Simple Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases 14-2 Phrase Functioning as Subject and Subject Combined 14-3 Infinitive/Infinitive Phrase Functioning as Direct Object 14-4 Infinitive/Infinitive Phrase Functioning as Adjective and Adjective Complement 14-5 Infinitive/Infinitive Phrase Functioning as Adverb 14-6 Reduction with Infinitive Phrases 14-7 Infinitive/Infinitive Phrase with Enough and Too Practice Exam Lesson Fifteen 15-1 Gerunds 15-2 Gerund/Gerund Phrase Functioning as Subject and Subject Complement 15-3 Gerund/Gerund Phrase Functioning as Direct Order 15-4 Gerund as Direct Object vs. Infinitive as Direct Object 15-5 Gerund/Gerund Phrase Functioning as Object of a preposition Practice Exam Appendix 1: Irregular Verbs Appendix 2 Modal Auxiliaries Appendix 3: Verbs Followed by infinitives Appendix 4: Verbs Followed by Gerunds Appendix 5: Verbs Followed by Gerunds or Infinitives Index
16 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the best way to account for the recategorization of bare nouns into ‘adjectival’ nodes might still be Tesnière's (1959) concept of translatif.
Abstract: This paper deals with three copular constructions in French that take bare nominals as a predicative complement (attribut du sujet). From a lexical point of view, these constructions, which are typical of colloquial French, are very open frames. After a detailed analysis of the syntactic and semantic properties of these constructions, I will examine them in the light of a more theoretical question, viz. that of the categorial status of the bare nouns involved. More precisely, I will determine to which extent they are ‘recategorized’ into adjectives.On the basis of a fine-grained syntactic and semantic analysis, I provide a nuanced—gradual—account of adjectivization. First, I discard what I call the ‘lexicalized’ cases of recategorization, i.e. the fully adjectivized ones (vache, chatte,…), in order to focus on ‘syntactic recategorization’, i.e. the occasional adjectival use of (bare) nouns in the constructions under investigation. Then, I show that the first of the three constructions involves a p...
14 citations
TL;DR: This article proposed a rule for the use of the to+verb and verb+ing finite complements designed to help students and teachers of English as a foreign language to understand and effectively use the two complements.
Abstract: This essay formulates a rule for the use of the to+verb and verb+ing finite complements designed to help students and teachers of English as a foreign language. The rule results from an analysis of the distinction between the directional function and inceptive aspect of the to+verb form, rooted in the prepositional origins of to, and the imperfective aspect of the verb+ing form, rooted in its use in the continuous tenses. Drawing on the work of, among others, Steven Pinker, Ekkehard Konig, and Thomas Egan, these contrasting functions are clarified and reinforced by other uses of the to+verb form, such as the to be going to future and the to+verb subject or subject complement, and the use of the verb+ing form as a gerund, action nominalization, and deverbal adjective and preposition. The result of this comparative and relational analysis is a simple rule by which language learners can understand and effectively use the two complements correctly.
10 citations
TL;DR: In the literature on evidentiality and epistemic modality, French se faire ( ‘become’) has hardly been discussed as mentioned in this paper, a pronominal verb taking a subject complement.
9 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 3 |
| 2019 | 2 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2015 | 3 |
| 2014 | 1 |
| 2013 | 2 |