TL;DR: This survey of model generation from paper and CAD-based architectural drawings covers the common pipeline and compares various algorithms for each step of the process.
Abstract: Automatically generating 3D building models from 2D architectural drawings has many useful applications in the architecture engineering and construction community. This survey of model generation from paper and CAD-based architectural drawings covers the common pipeline and compares various algorithms for each step of the process.
TL;DR: New methods to recognize typical structural objects and architectural symbols are proposed and the recognized results on the same floor and drawings of different floors will be integrated automatically for accurate 3D reconstruction.
Abstract: Recognition and integration of 2D architectural drawings provide a sound basis for automatically evaluating building designs, simulating safety, estimating construction cost or planning construction sequences. To accomplish these targets, difficulties come from (1) an architectural project is usually composed of a series of related drawings, (2) 3D information of structural objects may be expressed in 2D drawings, annotations, tables, or the composites of above expressions, and (3) a large number of disturbing graphical primitives in architectural drawings complicate the recognition processes. In this paper, we propose new methods to recognize typical structural objects and architectural symbols. Then the recognized results on the same floor and drawings of different floors will be integrated automatically for accurate 3D reconstruction.
TL;DR: The role of drawing in the graphic design process has not hitherto been subjected to detailed investigation and characterization as discussed by the authors, although drawing practices and analysis of designers' drawings have been conducted with the aim of clarifying the ways in which drawing is employed.
TL;DR: The drawing plays a vital role in each phase of the evolution of a product as the original design proposals, the engineering analysis, the design compromises, and the prototype product fabrication all depend on graphical communication among engineers and designers.
Abstract: Engineering has evolved rapidly during the last fifteen years as analysis techniques geared to the computational power of a slide rule and desk calculator have been replaced by techniques which make extensive use of computers. During these years, however, graphical techniques for conversion of design ideas to final products have not changed significantly, nor has the role of drawings in engineering design changed. The drawing plays a vital role in each phase of the evolution of a product. The original design proposals, the engineering analysis, the design compromises, and the prototype product fabrication all depend on graphical communication among engineers and designers. Whether the product is to be machined, assembled, stamped, wired, welded or hand modeled, a drawing is made so that a two-dimensional representation of the product may be reviewed by the engineers concerned with the product. Prior to the final product drawing, many ideas are exchanged by the use of sketches, drawings, plots, and engineering reports.
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between architectural and structural forms is discussed and a bibliography of building studies is presented. But the authors do not discuss the relationships between architectural concepts and structural form.
Abstract: Acknowledgements Preface 1. Introduction 2. Two building studies 3. Relationships between architectural and structural form 4. Building exterior 5. Building function 6. Interior structure 7. Structural detailing 8. Structure and light 9. Representation and symbolism 10. Hidden structures 11. Expressing architectural concepts 12. Fascilitating architectural concepts 13. Conclusions Index and bibliography of buildings Index