Topic
Stromectol
About: Stromectol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4 publications have been published within this topic receiving 66 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: Ivermectin is an oral semi-synthetic lactone anthelmintic agent derived from avermectins isolated from fermentation products of Streptomyces avermitilis.
Abstract: Ivermectin is an oral semi-synthetic lactone anthelmintic agent derived from avermectins isolated from fermentation products of Streptomyces avermitilis. Ivermectin showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on motility of a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). There exist specific binding sites having a high affinity for ivermectin in the membrane fraction of C. elegans, and a strong positive correlation was detected between the affinity for these binding sites and the suppressive effect on motility of C. elegans in several ivermectin-related substances. These results suggested that the binding to these binding sites is important for the nematocidal activity of ivermectin. In oocytes of Xenopus laevis injected with the Poly (A)(+) RNA of C. elegans, expression of a chloride channel, which is irreversibly activated by ivermectin, was recognized. The pharmacological properties of this channel suggest that the ivermectin-sensitive channel is a glutamate-activated chloride channel. As to the glutamate-activated chloride channel, two subtypes (GluCl-alpha and GluCl-beta) were cloned, suggesting these subtypes constitute the glutamate-activated chloride channel. These findings suggest that ivermectin binds to glutamate-activated chloride channels existing in nerve or muscle cells of nematode with a specific and high affinity, causing hyperpolarization of nerve or muscle cells by increasing permeability of chloride ion through the cell membrane, and as a result, the parasites are paralyzed to death. In experimental infections in sheep and cattle, ivermectin exhibited potent dose-dependent anthelmintic effects on Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, Oesphagostomum, and Dictyocaulus. Anthelmintic effects were reported also in dogs, horses, and humans infected with Strongyloides. In the clinical Phase III trial in Japan, 50 patients infected with Strongyloides stercoralis were administered approx. 200 microg/kg of ivermectin to be given orally twice at an interval of 2 weeks. As a result, the Strongyloides stercoralis-eradicating rate was 98.0% (49/50).
51 citations
TL;DR: Clinical research findings suggest that oral ivermectin is comparable or superior in effectiveness to other topical treatment options for head lice infestation while being well tolerated and favorably perceived by patients and caretakers.
Abstract: Purpose Published literature describing the use of oral ivermectin for the treatment of head lice infestation is reviewed. Summary In the United States and globally, head lice infestation, or pediculosis capitis, remains a public health issue with both social and medical implications. Treatment with oral or topical medications is typically required for head lice eradication. Resistance to traditional topical therapies for head lice infestation is increasing, creating a need for consideration of additional treatment options. A growing body of data describing the potential role of oral ivermectin for the treatment or prevention of head lice infestation is available. A literature search identified 5 clinical trials that evaluated safety and/or effectiveness outcomes of oral ivermectin use as an alternative to malathion, other topical prescription medications, and traditional, nonprescription remedies; those studies were conducted in various parts of the world (e.g., Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Egypt) and likely involved varying types and degrees of lice resistance. Clinical research findings to date, while not consistently robust, suggest that oral ivermectin is comparable or superior in effectiveness to other topical treatment options for head lice infestation while being well tolerated and favorably perceived by patients and caretakers. Conclusion Oral ivermectin is an option for the treatment of head lice infestation, especially in individuals who have experienced a treatment failure. Published evidence from clinical trials indicates that oral ivermectin is as effective as currently available topical treatments.
30 citations
TL;DR: There was overall a lack of evidence to support concerns that therapeutic doses of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) cause adverse pregnancy outcomes, and further research is warranted to address safety concerns.
Abstract: Background Ivermectin is widely used for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes when infection complicates pregnancy. However, the United States FDA classification and current distribution protocols limit ivermectin treatment in pregnant women because antepartum safety has not been well-established. Objective We conducted a scoping review to address the question of what is known from both human and vertebrate animal studies about the safety of systemic ivermectin exposure during pregnancy. Method We searched PubMed for adverse outcomes related to systemic ivermectin exposure in human and vertebrate animal pregnancies, including English-language primary articles from 1900 - 2019. Results We identified 23 primary articles for evaluation, including 10 human studies and 13 vertebrate animal studies of interest. One prospective randomized, controlled trial investigating the safety of systemic ivermectin exposure during pregnancy and four retrospective human studies did not identify a significant association with adverse birth outcome metrics. Of the three human case reports, two reported uncomplicated prenatal courses and one reported stillbirth and maternal death. A retrospective cross-sectional study concluded a positive association between onchocerciasis and spontaneous abortion, mitigated by ivermectin mass drug administration. While adverse pregnancy outcomes were observed at high doses in mice, rats, and rabbits, there was overall a lack of evidence to support concerns that therapeutic doses of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion Further research is warranted to address safety concerns regarding the use of ivermectin in pregnant women in treating and preventing neglected helminth infections that threaten maternal-child health.
1 citations
TL;DR: Ivermectin is an anthelmintic used extensively in veterinary medicine for a wide range of nematode, insect, and acarine parasites, including Sarcoptes scabiei in animals and is sold over-the-counter at farm supply stores, tack shops, grain elevators, and via stock catalogs for animal use.
Abstract: We noted the interchange between Franz et al 1 and Downs 2 in recent issues of theArchivesconcerning the available topical scabietic agents that are currently used. However, with the Food and Drug Administration's approval of ivermectin (Stromectol, Merck & Co Inc, West Point, Pa) in November 1996, a new era of scabietic therapeutics began. Ivermectin is an anthelmintic used extensively in veterinary medicine for a wide range of nematode, insect, and acarine parasites, including Sarcoptes scabiei in animals. 3 We use this drug routinely every 2 months for all the Arabian horses on our farm to control any potential parasitic infection. In fact, ivermectin is sold over-the-counter at farm supply stores, tack shops, grain elevators, and via stock catalogs for animal use. The drug has also been used in more than 6 million people for diseases, including onchocerciasis, strongyloidiasis, loiasis, bancroftian filariasis, and cutaneous larva migrans. There already
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 1 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2003 | 1 |
| 1997 | 1 |