Topic
Stringocephalus
About: Stringocephalus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16 publications have been published within this topic receiving 247 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: Based on tectonic, lithological and biotic features, 11 regions may be recognized in the Devonian Period of China as discussed by the authors, including the Junggar and Hinggan regions, which are characterized by thick sequences of clastic rocks associated with volcanic rocks.
Abstract: Based on tectonic, lithological and biotic features, 11 regions may be recognized in the Devonian Period of China. The Junggar and Hinggan regions are characterized by thick sequences of clastic rocks associated with volcanic rocks; carbonate deposits were only local, sometimes consisting of isolated reefs. The Tarim region was characterized by intertidal sandstones on the platform and deeper water deposits in its marginal areas. The North China region was mostly barren of Devonian deposits except in some marginal areas, and the Qilian–Qaidam region was a mountainous region mostly with Middle and Upper Devonian continental sediments. Qinling Region was closely related with the South China Region in terms of faunal affinity, probably being a marginal area of the South China Plate. Western Yunnan and the major part of Xizang (including northern Xizang and the northern slope of the Himalayas) featured continuous Silurian–Devonian deposition, generally with carbonates in the Lower Devonian, and different lithologies in different regions for the Middle and Late Devonian. Qinling and Hoh Xil-Bayan Har regions were closely related with the South China Region, yielding common fossils such as brachiopods Stringocephalus and Yunnanella (1⁄4 Nayunnella) faunas. The Devonian Period of South China comprised deposits of two large transgressive–regressive cycles: Lochkovian to Eifelian and late Eifelian to about the end of the Devonian Period. In China, Devonian-related studies go back to the middle of the nineteenth century when de Koninck (1846) and Davidson (1853) first described some Devonian brachiopod fossils from South China. During the first half of the twentieth century, significant biostratigraphic works on the Devonian System were made by Grabau (1931a, b), Tien (1938a, b), Sun (1935, 1945, 1958), Yoh (1937, 1938, 1956), Wang (1942, 1948) and Sze (1952). Tien (1938b) reviewed previous Devonian studies in various provinces and established a basic Devonian framework of China. In summarizing Devonian studies of that time, Wang & Yu (1962) first established Chinese regional stages. Major advances were made through large-scale geological surveying during the 1960s in various provinces. The results were presented at the 1974 ‘Symposium on the Devonian System of South China’ held in Liuzhou of Guangxi, which was a turning point for Devonian research in China. At that time the Devonian stratigraphic sequence was fully and firmly established (IGMR 1978) for South China as well as other parts of China (Yang et al. 1981). In the following years, palaeontological atlases and stratigraphic charts of various provinces were also published, including major fossil groups and regional stratigraphic sections of the Devonian Period. In addition, a number of significant studies focusing on various parts of China were published around the 1980s, including South China (e.g. Wang et al. 1974, 1979, 1982; Hou 1978; Liao et al. 1978, 1979; Bai et al. 1982; Wang & Rong 1986; Liao & Ruan 1988; Yu 1988; Zhong et al. 1992), Longmenshan (e.g. Hou et al. 1988), Tarim (e.g. Liao et al. 1992, 2001), northern Xinjiang (e.g. Xiao et al. 1992), Western Qinling (e.g. XIGMR & NIGP 1987), western Yunnan (e.g. Yu & Liao 1978; Tan et al. 1982; Wang 1994), Xizang (e.g. Liao 1984; Rao & Yu 1985), western Sichuan and eastern Xizang (e.g. RGSTS & NIGP 1982). These achievements were mostly summarized in a monograph (Hou & Wang 1988). During the last 30 years, major progress has been made regarding international correlation, which has been related to studies of pelagic fossils, including conodonts (e.g. Wang 1989; Ji & Ziegler 1993; Bai et al. 1994), dacryoconarids (e.g. Ruan & Mu 1989), entomozoans (e.g. Groos-Uffenorde & Wang 1989), ammonoids (Ruan 1981) as well as refined benthic invertebrate, vertebrate and plant fossil groups (e.g. Hou & Xian 1975; Pan et al. 1987; Liao & Birenheide 1984, 1985, 1989; Birenheide & Liao 1985; Hao & Gensel 1998, 2001; Ma 1995; Ma & Day 2000, 2007; Ma et al. From: KONIGSHOF, P. (ed.) Devonian Change: Case Studies in Palaeogeography and Palaeoecology. The Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 314, 241–262. DOI: 10.1144/SP314.13 0305-8719/09/$15.00 # The Geological Society of London 2009. 2006; Wang et al. 2002). All these workers and many others have enhanced pelagic and neritic correlation and marine–non-marine correlation to a certian extent. Recent summarizing works include Hou (2000), Hou et al. (2000), Wang (2000), Cai (2000), Liao & Ruan (2003) and Wang et al. (2005). In the meantime there have been some advances in relation to sequence stratigraphy and palaeogeography as well as some refined stratigraphic studies, e.g. Wu et al. (1997), and Gong et al. (2005). This paper gives a general outline of the Devonian System of China based on previous studies of various workers, and discusses sea-level changes in South China. Outcrops, palaeoplates and stratigraphic
53 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Study of a growth series of Devonian brachiopods belonging to the genus Stringocephalus indicates that the genus may have been derived from the subgenus Geranocephalus (Stringominus) of the family Stringocephalidae though it is only hypothetical.
Abstract: Study of a growth series of Devonian brachiopods belonging to the genus Stringocephalus indicates that the genus may have been derived from the subgenus Geranocephalus (Stringominus) of the family Stringocephalidae though it is only hypothetical. Stratigraphically the family Stringocephalidae arose from one or more ancestors in the Eifelian. The genus Stringocephalus has a worldwide distribution, from western Australia and Asia to north Africa, western Europe, and southern England, as well as in Indiana.
21 citations
TL;DR: In South Devonshire the rocks are greatly disturbed, broken by faults, standing at various angles, folded, and distorted ; eruptive rocks frequently cut through them, and beds of volcanic ash are interstratified with them, Hence has arisen great dispute and uncertainty as to the true order of succession of deposits, although their fossils were referred to the Devonian age nearly fifty years ago as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: §I. Introduction “ In South Devonshire the rocks are greatly disturbed, broken by faults, standing at various angles, folded, and distorted ; eruptive rocks frequently cut through them, and beds of volcanic ash are interstratified with them, Hence has arisen great dispute and uncertainty as to the true order of succession of deposits, although their fossils were referred to the Devonian age nearly fifty years ago. It will be seen without comment that the South Devonshire sections, from which most of the Middle- and Lower-Devonian fossils have been obtained, are valueless for determining the order of sequence of the faunas. There are many places (I saw such near Newton-Abbot) where limestones, appearing very similar in colour and structure, and within a stone9s throw of each other, hold distinct faunas. In fact, the interpretation of the order of the beds is a matter of the greatest difficulty, even when occasional fossils appear.” Here is the geology of South Devon as epitomized by Professor H. S. Williams, of Ithaca, N.Y., in a paper read before the American Association for the Advancement of Science as lately as Aug. 30, 1889. Explorations in the rocks of Devonshire gave rise to the Devonian System; explorations in France, Belgium, Germany, Russia, and North America have made us acquainted with the succession of the Devonian faunas, and the extraordinary persistence of homotaxcous horizons, such as those characterized by Stringocephalus, Rhynchonella cuboides, and Goniatites, at the same time presenting us with the varied evidences of stratigraphical succession. The
21 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the Athyris circula zone has been recognized, mainly on the basis of previously described brachiopods, which belong to faunas characterized by Rensselandia or by Warrenella occidentalis which are believed to be facies Faunas of Stringocephalus zone age.
Abstract: Fossil collections from Devonian rocks in the Roberts Mountains and northern Simpson Park Range have yielded previously unreported brachiopod species and genera. One new early Middle Devonian zone, (the Athyris circula zone) is recognized, mainly on the basis of previously described brachiopods. Later Middle Devonian brachiopods belong to faunas characterized by Rensselandia or by Warrenella occidentalis which are believed to be facies faunas of Stringocephalus zone age.
16 citations
1 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this article, Xujiachong Formation is considered to be as early as Pragian and a depositional break could exist between this formation and the Middle Devonian sequence, and the proposal has been strengthened due to the increase of the discovery of the fish fossils.
Abstract: 1 The age and correlation of Xujiachong FormationIn Qujing region the Lower Devonian rocks are commonly divided into four members: Xishancun Formation, Xitun Formation, Gujiatun Formation and Xujiachong Formation, and the last formation was traditionally considered to conformably underlie the Middle Devonian strata. However, the author put forward a proposal in 1985 that Xujiachong Formation could be as early as Pragian and a depositional break could exist between this formation and the Middle Devonian sequence. Since then the proposal has been strengthened due to the increase of the discovery of the fish fossils. Up to now, the fishes found from this formation include huananaspid galeaspids Sanchaspis magolarostrata and Gantarostraspis geni; eugaleaspid galeaspids Eugaleaspis xujiachongensis and Ptergonaspis yuhaii; arthrodire Szelepis sp. ; petalichthyid Neopetalichthys sp. and antiarchs Yunnanolepis chii and Chuchinolepis gracilis . Among the forms listed above the most significant in biostratigraphic correlation are the huananaspids and Neopetalichthys, for the others, except Pterogonaspis found only from Xujiachong Formation, either as species or as genera also occur in the lower strata, such as Xitun Formation or Xishancun Formation. As to Neopetalichthys , as it was originally found from Pingyipu Formation of Sichuan, it should be taken as an evidence of the correlation of Xujiachong Formation to Pingyipu Formation.As for huananaspids, Huananaspiformes is an endemic order of Galeaspida in South China, which in this paper there are 11 genera to be referred to ( table 1 ) . With the exception of Wumengshanaspis from the early Middle Devonian, all the genera occur in the Lower Devonian, known from Xujiachong Formation and Posongchong Formation of Yunnan Province, from Pingyipu Formation of Sichuan Province and from Nagaoling Formation of Guangxi Province. In the current literatures the last three formations are considered to correlate with each other and are dated as Siegenian or Pragian. Now that Xujiachong Formation shares Gantarostraspis and Neopetalichthys with Posongchong and Pingyipu formations respectively, it should correlate to these two formations and Nagaoling Formation in addition. Thus, on the basis of the available information it can be considered that the huananaspids appeared and greatly developed during Pragian time. 2 The correlation and age of the Middle Devonian Bothriolepis- bearing bedsThe Middle Devonian so-called Bothriolepis- bearing beds widely spread in East Yunnan and were traditionally named as Haikou Formation ( s. 1.) . In fact the Haikou Formation (s. s.) in Kunming region, including the type locality Haikou nearby Kunming City, is usually about 10 meters in thickness, consisting of sandstone and shale. It rests upon pre-Devonian rocks and conformably underlies Zaige Formation yielding early Late Devonian corals Disphyllum cylindricum and Hunanophrentis aff. H. zaphrentoides in its lower part. But in other regions Haikou Formation (s. l.) is much thicker, generally over 100 meters, sometimes even more than 500 meters. It usually rests upon the Devonian rocks of various times and may conformably underlie Zaige Formation but mostly underlies the Middle Devonian Stringocephalus- bearing beds, such as Qujing Formation or the beds corresponding to Qujing Formation. Consequently the age and correlation of the Middle Devonian Bothriolepis- bearing beds in East Yunnan have been debated for a long time.In this paper the attention is mainly paid to the Bothriolepis- bearing beds of Qujing and Wuding regions because of their abundance of fish fossils and well-developed stratigraphicsequences.As to Qujing region, the Bothriolepis-bearing beds disconformably overlay the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation and underlie the Upper Devonian Zaige Formation. They are currently subdivided into three members ascendingly: Chuandong Formation, Shangshuanghe Formation and Haikou Formation (table 2) , or Shangshuanghe Formation is merged into Haikou Formation because of the similarity of the florae in these t
10 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 1 |
| 2009 | 1 |
| 2008 | 1 |
| 2006 | 1 |
| 2004 | 1 |
| 2002 | 1 |