TL;DR: The Yin-Yang grid as discussed by the authors is composed of two identical component grids that are combined in a complemental way to cover a spherical surface with partial overlap on their boundaries, and the grid spacing is quasi-uniform.
Abstract: [1] A new kind of overset grid, named Yin-Yang grid, for spherical geometry is proposed. The Yin-Yang grid is composed of two identical component grids that are combined in a complemental way to cover a spherical surface with partial overlap on their boundaries. Each component grid is a low-latitude part of the latitude-longitude grid. Therefore the grid spacing is quasi-uniform, and the metric tensors are simple and analytically known. One can directly apply mathematical and numerical resources that have been written in the spherical polar coordinates or latitude-longitude grid. The complemental combination of the two identical component grids enables us to make efficient and concise programs. Simulation codes for geodynamo and mantle convection simulations using finite difference scheme based on the Yin-Yang grid are developed and tested. The Yin-Yang grid is suitable for massively parallel computers.
TL;DR: In this article, a shallow water model on an icosahedral geodesic grid with several grid modifications is developed, such as relocation of variable-defined grid points from the standard positions to the gravitational centers of control volumes.
TL;DR: In this article, it has been demonstrated that semi-Lagrangian advection techniques may be efficiently applied to a cubic gnomonic grid on the sphere, which exhibits none of the problems that occur over the poles of a latitude-longitude grid.
Abstract: It has been demonstrated by McGregor that semi-Lagrangian advection techniques may be efficiently applied to a cubic gnomonic grid on the sphere. Despite the nonorthogonal nature of that grid, the accuracy is superior to that of conventional latitude–longitude grids. The present paper demonstrates even greater accuracy by applying similar techniques to the related conformal-cubic grid devised by Rancic et al.; an important new feature is a simple iterative technique for the inverse calculation of grid coordinates. Advection over the vertices of the grid exhibits none of the problems that occur over the poles of a latitude–longitude grid. A stretched grid configuration is also presented showing further improvements. It is finally shown that the departure points may be interpolated onto a B-grid version and advection performed simply on the staggered grid without loss of accuracy.
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-phase approach consisting of a form-finding technique that uses dynamic relaxation with kinetic damping to determine the global grid shell form, and a genetic algorithm optimization procedure acting on the grid topology and nodal positions is demonstrated on a case study minimizing the mass of three 24 × 24 m grid shells with different boundary conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the vertical grid adaptivity is partially given by a vertical diffusion equation for the vertical layer positions, with diffusivities being proportional to shear, stratification and distance from the boundaries.