Topic
Stigmaphyllon
About: Stigmaphyllon is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 44 publications have been published within this topic receiving 434 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: Comparison of floral morphology in Old World Malpighiaceae with their closest New World relatives suggests that morphological stasis in the New World likely results from selection by neotropical oil-bee pollinators and that the morphological diversity found inOld World flowers has evolved following their release from selectionby those bees.
Abstract: Premise of the study : The Malpighiaceae include ~1300 tropical fl owering plant species in which generic defi nitions and intergeneric relationships have long been problematic. The goals of our study were to resolve relationships among the 11 generic segregates from the New World genus Mascagnia , test the monophyly of the largest remaining Malpighiaceae genera, and clarify the placement of Old World Malpighiaceae. Methods : We combined DNA sequence data for four genes (plastid ndhF , matK , and rbcL and nuclear PHYC ) from 338 ingroup accessions that represented all 77 currently recognized genera with morphological data from 144 ingroup species to produce a complete generic phylogeny of the family. Key results and conclusions : The genera are distributed among 14 mostly well-supported clades. The interrelationships of these major subclades have strong support, except for the clade comprising the wing-fruited genera (i.e., the malpighioid+ Amorimia , Ectopopterys , hiraeoid, stigmaphylloid, and tetrapteroid clades). These results resolve numerous systematic problems, while others have emerged and constitute opportunities for future study. Malpighiaceae migrated from the New to Old World nine times, with two of those migrants being very recent arrivals from the New World. The seven other Old World clades dispersed much earlier, likely during the Tertiary. Comparison of fl oral morphology in Old World Malpighiaceae with their closest New World relatives suggests that morphological stasis in the New World likely results from selection by neotropical oil-bee pollinators and that the morphological diversity found in Old World fl owers has evolved following their release from selection by those bees.
228 citations
1 Jan 1997
TL;DR: The species of Stigma phyllon are circumscribed and provisionally grouped on the basis of morphological characters, particularly traits of the androecium and gynoecium.
Abstract: Stigmaphyllon is a genus of Malpighiaceae characterized by a vining habit, long-petioled leaves with broad or sometimes lobed laminas, interpetiolar stipules, inflorescences composed of umbels or pseudoracemes dichasially arranged, yellow petals, connate carpels, and a schizocarpic fruit splitting into three samaras. In most species the stamens are heteromorphic, the styles are apically foliolate, and each samara bears an elongate dorsal wing. The genus is distributed in the Neotropics from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, except Chile and the high Andes. One species, S. bannisterioides, is also found in coastal West Africa (Guinea Bissau, Guinea, and Sierra Leone). Stigmaphyllon is allied with Banisteriopsis and its relatives among the wing fruited genera of Malpighiaceae. It is marked by a high incidence of parallelisms and/or convergences and, in some species, a great diversity in leaf shape. In this study, the species are circumscribed and provisionally grouped on the basis of morphological characters, particularly traits of the androecium and gynoecium. Stigma phyllon comprises 90 species, including two varieties. Two species, S. boliviense and S. carautae are newly de scribed. The often extensive nomenclature is reviewed for each taxon. All species are described and mapped, and many are illustrated. 'Two kinds of keys are provided, one for the whole genus and, in an appendix, nine for species from single countries or specific regions.
53 citations
TL;DR: Observations on the biology of C. (Ptilotopus) scopipes Friese, 1899, a species that occurs in the "cerrados" of Brazil, suggest a univoltine cycle for this species.
Abstract: Centris (Ptilotopus) are large bees and important pollinators in the Neotropical region. Its biology and behavior is still poorly known and only a few observations have been published. In this paper, observations on the biology of C. (Ptilotopus) scopipes Friese, 1899, a species that occurs in the "cerrados" of Brazil, are presented. The study was conducted in the Estacao Ecologica de Jatai, in Luiz Antonio, Sao Paulo, during the active period of the adults (November through April). Females collected pollen from flowers of Solanaceae and Caesalpiniaceae, by vibration, and floral oils from Malpighiaceae belonging to the genera Byrsonima, Banisteriopsis, Stigmaphyllon and Peixotoa. Floral resources are carried in the hind leg scopae to the nests, which are excavated in the walls of epigeous nests of the termite Procornitermes araujoi Emerson, 1952 (Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). The main tunnel entered the termite nest at an ascending angle ending in a vestibulum. Two parallel, vertical burrows forming linear series of cells descended from the vestibulum. The upper cell (the nearest to the nest entrance) was filled with soil. This might represent a protection against parasites. During the study, one female of Acanthopus excellens Schrottky, 1902 (Apidae, Ericrocidini), a cleptoparasitic bee, was captured when leaving one of the nests. A male of C. scopipes emerged eleven months after cell closure, suggesting a univoltine cycle for this species.
38 citations
TL;DR: The cambial variant interxylary cambia is named for the first time to unmistakably denote its origin from within the secondary xylem, which is likely a synapomorphy for these two Malpighiaceae lineages.
25 citations
TL;DR: The behavior, preferences and movement patterns of Centris bees among these plants, as well as the morphological data, suggest that, as previously thought, flowers of T. guibertiana mimic the Malpighiaceae S. diversifolium, but orchid pollination in one of the studied populations appears to depend also on the presence of O. agrophylla.
Abstract: The mimicry of malpighiaceous oil-flowers appears to be a recurrent pollination strategy among many orchids of the subtribe Oncidiinae. These two plant groups are mainly pollinated by oil-gathering bees, which also specialize in pollen collection by buzzing. In the present study, the floral ecology of the rewardless orchid Tolumnia guibertiana (Oncidiinae) was studied for the first time. The orchid was self-incompatible and completely dependent on oil-gathering female bees (Centris poecila) for fruit production. This bee species was also the pollinator of two other yellow-flowered plants in the area: the pollen and oil producing Stigmaphyllon diversifolium (Malpighiaceae) and the polliniferous and buzzing-pollinated Ouratea agrophylla (Ochnaceae). To evaluate whether this system is a case of mimetism, we observed pollinator visits to flowers of the three plant species and compared the floral morphometrics of these flowers. The behavior, preferences and movement patterns of Centris bees among these plants, as well as the morphological data, suggest that, as previously thought, flowers of T. guibertiana mimic the Malpighiaceae S. diversifolium. However, orchid pollination in one of the studied populations appears to depend also on the presence of O. agrophylla. Moreover, at the two studied populations, male and female pollination successes of T. guibertiana were not affected by its own floral display, and did not differ between populations. The results are discussed in relation to the behavior and preferences of Centris bees, as well as the differential presence and influence of each of the two floral models.
24 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
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| 2021 | 2 |
| 2020 | 3 |
| 2019 | 1 |
| 2018 | 3 |
| 2017 | 3 |
| 2016 | 2 |