Topic
Stenotaphrum
About: Stenotaphrum is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 133 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1620 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: Under shade, the general trend was towards a decrease in total nonstructural carbohydrates, cell-wall content and insoluble ash, and an increase in lignin content, which was higher in digestibility and soluble carbohydrates than the other grasses.
Abstract: The response to shade in growth and nutritive quality of buffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) was compared with that of two other stoloniferous grasses, mat grass (Axonopus compressus) and kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). The grasses were grown outdoors in Brisbane, Australia, in soil in pots over two growing seasons in 1985/86. Treatments in the first season (Expt 1) were shading at 0 (full sun), 42, 59 and 68 % with moderate N (two spaced applications of 50 kg/ha) and, in the second season (Expt 2), 0 and 59 % shade with high (50 kg/ha every 2 weeks) and low (5 kg/ha every 2 weeks) N. Unusually for tropical grasses, the top yield of all species was higher under shade than in full sun, except for S. secundatum at high N in Expt 2. 5. secundatum and A. compressus showed an increase in top yield up to 68 % shading whereas P. clandestinum reached a maximum at 42 % shading. Shade increased shoot: root ratio and specific leaf area in all species but had little effect on leaf: stem ratio and the proportion of dead material in the tops. Stubble yield (stem bases and stolons) was reduced under shade but to a much smaller extent than root yield. S. secundatum and A. compressus had similar morphological characteristics. Their yield was lower than that of P. clandestinum in Expt 1 (autumn growth) but was similar to that of P. clandestinum in Expt 2 (summer growth). These grasses had a higher leaf: stem ratio and lower proportion of dead material in tops than P. clandestinum. Shade generally increased herbage nutritive value through an increase in N cncentration and dry-matter digestibility. The latter response was somewhat variable and mostly small (1-3% units). Under shade, the general trend was towards a decrease in total nonstructural carbohydrates, cell-wall content and insoluble ash, and an increase in lignin content. A. compressus was higher in digestibility and soluble carbohydrates than the other grasses. S. secundatum was not clearly superior in response to shade and its nutritive quality was lower than that of A. compressus.
99 citations
TL;DR: The objectives were to develop procedures to evaluate freeze tolerance of bermudagrass genotypes acclimated under controlled conditions and to screen large numbers of genotypes for superior freeze tolerance.
Abstract: Freeze tolerance is an important characteristic in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burt-Davy] bred for the geographic transition zone between warmand cool-season turfgrasses. Field-grown turf has been sampled and exposed to controlled freezing and viability testing to evaluate relative hardiness of cool-season grasses (Gusta et al., 1980), St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] (Fry et al., 1991), and bermudagrass (Anderson et al., 1988). However, acclimation of field-grown plants is not reproducible and is subject to seasonal constraints. Cold hardening of cool-season grasses has been reported following acclimation in controlled environment chambers at 5 and 0C (Rajashekar et al., 1983). Our objectives were to develop procedures to evaluate freeze tolerance of bermudagrass genotypes acclimated under controlled conditions and to screen large numbers of genotypes for superior freeze tolerance. Relative hardiness levels. Clonally propagated plants of ‘Tifgreen’, ‘Tifton 10’, ‘Midfield’, ‘Vamont’, ‘Midlawn’, and ‘Midiron’ were grown from sprigs in 0.16liter “cone-tainers” (Ray Leach Cone-miner Nursery, Canby, Ore.) in a greenhouse maintained above 22C for at least 6 weeks. A medium containing 3 peat : 2 sand : 2 vermiculite (by volume) was amended with fritted trace elements. While growing in the greenhouse, plants were fertilized at each watering with 300 mg 20N-9P-17K soluble fertilizer/ liter (Peters Professional, W.R. Grace & Co., Fogelsville, Pa.). No fertilizer was applied during acclimation. Plants were transferred from the greenhouse to a controlled-environment chamber (model PGW36; Conviron, Asheville, N.C.) and set at 8/2C day/night
63 citations
TL;DR: Interspecific and intraspecific differences for basal growth temperatures were found, indicating that degree-day model application accuracy is dependent on proper determination of target species and cultivar basal growth temperature.
Abstract: Degree-day modeling applications in turfgrass management have recently seen increased interest. The predictive capacity of any degree day model is dependent on an accurate determination of the basal growth temperatures for the species under consideration. The objective of this study was to determine basal growth temperatures and growth rate constants for eight warm season turfgrasses (five species). Sprigs from bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Arizona Common and C. dactylon lc C. transvaalensis Burtt Davey cv. Midiron], buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. cv. Kansas Common and Texoka], zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steudel cv. Meyer), St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze cv. Raleigh and Floratam], and centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hackel, cv. Common] were grown at temperatures ranging from 5 to 30°C in a controlled environment chamber under 14-h photoperiods. Chamber temperature was decreased in a step-wise fashion to the next temperature after two leaves were fully expanded. Leaf growth rates at each temperature were calculated and expressed as millimeters per day. Base temperature and growth rate constants for each turfgrass were calculated with segmented nonlinear regression analysis. Base temperatures for the eight tested cultivars ranged from 0 to 13°C. Interspecific and intraspecific differences for basal growth temperature were found, indicating that degree-day model application accuracy is dependent on proper determination of target species and cultivar basal growth temperature. Joint Contribution of Kansas Agric. Exp. Stn. Contribution No. 95-393-J and Nebraska Agric. Res. Div. Journal Series No. 11054.
46 citations
TL;DR: Host resistance would be a valuable defense against the sting nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, a pathogen of many crops, including turfgrass, and compared among diploid and polyploid Stenotaphrum genotypes.
Abstract: Host resistance would be a valuable defense against the sting nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, a pathogen of many crops, including turfgrass. Sting nematode damage and host suitability were compared among diploid and polyploid Stenotaphrum genotypes. A time-course experiment compared diploid (2n=18) 'FX-313' and polyploid (2n=30) 'FX-10' St. Augustinegrasses [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze], planted in pots with 250 mL Margate fine sand (siliceous, hyperthermic Mollic Psammaquent) (.)
42 citations
TL;DR: A large scale tissue culture experiment was conducted with St. Augustinegrass, an important turfgrass species for the southern USA, to induce somaclonal variation to enlarge the germplasm pool for breeding efforts and altered traits in the variant lines were stable during vegetative propagation and when grown in different environments.
Abstract: Somaclonal variation has been observed in many plant species and is an alternative way to create variants and expand the germplasm pool A large scale tissue culture experiment was conducted with St Augustinegrass, an important turfgrass species for the southern USA, to induce somaclonal variation to enlarge the germplasm pool for breeding efforts Using an improved protocol, approximately 7900 St Augustinegrass plants were regenerated from cv Raleigh, and 119 morphological variants were identified Among the variants, 115 had a semi-dwarf growth habit with shorter and narrower leaves, and shortened internodes and stolons However, 100 of them showed little vigour, which either grew very slowly or did not survive The remaining 15 showed reasonable growth vigour and were further investigated in the field Among them, 13 were semi-dwarf and 2 had longer leaves In addition, 2 other variants, with variegated (yellow striping) leaves, or significantly thicker stems were also observed and characterized The altered traits in the variant lines were stable during vegetative propagation and when grown in different environments
39 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 4 |
| 2020 | 5 |
| 2019 | 5 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2016 | 2 |