TL;DR: The main bottlenecks impairing the commercial culture of ornamental shrimp and lobsters are their long larval development and poor survival rates and the main constraint for the development of culture techniques for hermit and brachyuran crabs is their low commercial value.
Abstract: The growing demand for highly priced marine ornamental species has contributed to the endangered status of coral reefs. A list of 128 of the most heavily traded marine ornamental decapod crustacean species is tabulated. The development of commercial culture techniques, the knowledge of the larval development, and the association with vertebrate and invertebrate organisms are presented for these species. Forty-nine of the species are caridean shrimp, with the Hippolytidae family alone accounting for 15. Anomuran and brachyuran crabs are the next most traded groups (32 and 27 species, respectively), with the pricey stenopodidean shrimp, Astacidea, and Palinura lobsters being represented by a considerably lower number of species (7, 7 and 6, respectively). The main bottlenecks impairing the commercial culture of ornamental shrimp and lobsters are their long larval development and poor survival rates. The main constraint for the development of culture techniques for hermit and brachyuran crabs is their low commercial value. The ecological impacts of harvesting ornamental species are still poorly studied. Nevertheless, the collection in considerable numbers of hermit and small majid crabs (e.g., Clibanarius and Mithraculus) from tidal areas, fish cleaning shrimp (e.g., Lysmata and Stenopus), and the crown-of-thorns sea star eaters Hymenocera, is likely to have serious impacts on the ecosystem. The cooperation between researchers working on larval biology, population dynamics, ecology, aquaculture, and fisheries is essential to properly manage the collection of marine ornamental decapods.
TL;DR: Thirty-four palaemonid species from the northern area of South China Sea are reported in the present paper, including two new species, Paranchistus lini and Periclimenes chacei, new species.
Abstract: Thirty-four palaemonid species from the northern area of South China Sea are reported in the present paper, including two new species, Paranchistus lini, new species, and Periclimenes chacei, new species, and eight other species are reported for the first time from South China Sea: Leander tenuicornis (Say, 1818), Leandrites stenopus Holthuis, 1950, Palaemon debilis Dana, 1852, Urocaridella antonbrurnii (Bruce, 1967), Kemponia platycheles (Holthuis, 1952), Paraclimenes franklini (Bruce, 1990b), Paranchistus spondylis Suzuki, 1971, Periclimenes hirsutus Bruce, 1971.
TL;DR: The Stenopodidea should be considered as an independent group branching off the line which later gave rise to the Thalassinidea and Anomura, and it seems likely that the origin and affinities of Stenopus spinosus should be found among reptant groups.
Abstract: SUMMARY: Descriptions are given of some zoeal stages (I-V) of Stenopus spinosus Risso 1826 (Crustacea, Decapoda: Stenopodidea) from plankton collected off the Algerian coast. These larvae are compared to the same species but from other localities. They show great diversity in general appearance: in the same genus there is a wide range of detailed structure in almost all species. The genus Stenopus Latreille has a circumtropical distribution and the Atlantic Mediterranean species, Stenopus spinosus, and the Indopacific one, Stenopus hispidus, are vicariant, relicts from the Mesogean Sea. From a taxonomic point of view, the Stenopodidea constitute a group with doubtful affinity. From a larval point of view the form and the structure of the telson is considered very important particularly the second spine reduced to a fine hair. This hair-like second telson process is not present in any Dendrobranchiata, Caridea, Astacidea and Palinura, but it is common in Stenopodidea, Thalassinidea and Anomura; there appears to be some larval affinities with reptant groups. The Stenopodidea should be considered as an independent group branching off the line which later gave rise to the Thalassinidea and Anomura. It seems likely that the origin and affinities of Stenopodidea should be found among reptant groups.
TL;DR: A new species of shrimp in the genus Stenopus collected from off Queensland, Australia, is described and figured and a key to the eight described Indo-West Pacific species of Stanopus is presented.
Abstract: A new species of shrimp in the genus Stenopus collected from off Queensland, Australia, is described and figured. Specimens have been collected from two widely separated locations on the Great Barrier Reef, at Heron Island to the south and Wheeler Reef northeast of Townsville. A preliminary diagnosis and colour plate of another Stenopus from Australia, S. cyanoscelis, was presented by Goy (1984). Recent collections of additional specimens of S. cyanoscelis from Indonesia and Kenya allow a detailed redescription of the holotype and morphological variation within the species. Both the new species, Stenopus chrysexanthus and S. cyanoscelis, are closely related to two Atlantic species, S. spinosus and S. scutellatus. However, both species are easily distinguished by differences in morphology and colour pattern. A key to the eight described Indo-West Pacific species of Stenopus is presented.
TL;DR: Identifying appropriate broodstock and larval diets is a key in reducing the larval durations and increasing the aquaculture potential for these species.
Abstract: In recent years, efforts have been made to develop aquaculture protocols for the marineornamental shrimp, especially species of Lysmata (cleaner shrimp) and Stenopus (bandedcoral shrimp). The largest bottleneck for commercial production is the long and variablelarval durations, largely due to mark-time molting. Identifying appropriate broodstockand larval diets is a key in reducing the larval durations and increasing the aquaculturepotential for these species. Several broodstock diets (enriched and regular fresh andfrozen Artemia nauplii and adults, squid, mussels, clams, and polychaetes) have beentested in different shrimp species, the nutritional suitability of the diet seems to be speciesdependent. Several larval diets have also been tested (microalgae; rotifers; decapsulatedcysts, newly hatched nauplii, and enriched metanauplii of Artemia; and pellet food).Combination of Artemia (meta) nauplii and pellet food (ArteMac) or Artemia (meta)nauplii alone produced the best results in larval survivorship and development.