Topic
Stearin
About: Stearin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 554 publications have been published within this topic receiving 7628 citations. The topic is also known as: tristearin & tristearoyl-sn-glycerol.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: The strain showed the tendency to degrade its storage lipids, although significant amounts of substrate fat, rich in stearic acid, remained unconsumed in the culture medium, and Y. lipolytica presented a strong fatty acid specificity.
Abstract: The growth of an oleaginous strain of Yarrowia lipolytica on an industrial fat composed of saturated free fatty acids (stearin) was studied. Lipid accumulation during primary anabolic growth was critically influenced by the medium pH and the incubation temperature. This process was independent of the nitrogen concentration in the culture medium, but was favored at a high carbon substrate level and at a low aeration rate. At pH 6 and a temperature of 28-33 degrees C, 9-12 g/l of dry biomass was produced, whereas significant quantities of lipids were accumulated inside the yeast cells (0.44-0.54 g of lipid per gram of biomass). The strain showed the tendency to degrade its storage lipids, although significant amounts of substrate fat, rich in stearic acid, remained unconsumed in the culture medium. Y. lipolytica presented a strong fatty acid specificity. The fatty acids C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0 were rapidly incorporated and mainly used for growth needs, while C18:0 was incorporated with reduced rates and was mainly accumulated as storage material. Reserve lipids, principally composed of triacylglycerols (55% w/w of total lipids) and free fatty acids (35% w/w), were rich in stearic acid (80% w/w), while negligible amounts of unsaturated fatty acids were detected. When industrial glycerol was used as co-substrate, together with stearin, unsaturated fatty acid concentration in the reserve lipid increased.
332 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a preliminary heat-bleach at 250 C was used for the determination of total tocopherols in crude as well as refined palm oil, olein and stearin.
Abstract: By using a preliminary heat-bleach at 250 C the Emmerie-Engel method has been adapted for the determination of total tocopherols (including tocotrienols) in crude as well as refined palm oil, olein and stearin. Total tocopherol contents found were: Crude palm oil, 794 ppm (n=10); RBD palm oil, 563 ppm (n=13); RBD palm olein, 643 ppm (n=40); RBD palm stearin, 261 ppm (n=19), where n is the number of samples analyzed. During the detergent fractionation no tocopherols were lost, but the tocopherols were concentrated in the olein fraction. The fate of the tocopherols during degumming, bleaching and steam refining/deodorizing of Crude palm olein containing 978 ppm total tocopherol was studied. Over the whole refining process only 8% of the tocopherols were lost, 62% of the original tocopherols were retained in the RBD palm olein, while the remaining 30% were concentrated in the fatty acid distillate which contained 7,040 ppm tocopherol.
219 citations
TL;DR: Although Y. lipolytica tended to increase the intracellular level of stearic acid, its reserve lipid could be used as a cocoa butter substitute, provided that an oleic acid donor, such as chemically hydrolyzed rapeseed oil, is used as co-substrate together with stearin.
Abstract: This paper presents a review of studies related with the production of specialty lipids by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica during growth on various fatty agro-industrial residues utilized as substrates. In a first approach, the potential for growth on stearin (a low-cost industrial derivative of tallow composed of saturated free fatty acids) was assessed; significant biomass production was obtained, accompanied by notable intracellular accumulation of lipid which occurred as a primary anabolic activity regardless of the extracellular nitrogen availability in the medium. Y. lipolytica consumed its own storage lipids in the stationary growth phase. The secretion of extracellular lipase in non-negligible quantities was also observed in cultures performed on stearin. Although Y. lipolytica tended to increase the intracellular level of stearic acid, its reserve lipid could be used as a cocoa butter substitute, provided that an oleic acid donor, such as chemically hydrolyzed rapeseed oil, is used as co-substrate together with stearin. Accordingly, predetermined lipids with composition similarities to cocoa butter were synthesized using low-cost substrates. Other strategies related with the production of microbial cocoa butter substitutes are also presented and comprehensively discussed.
198 citations
TL;DR: A novel process involving pretreatment of crude palm oil, followed by deacidification and deodorization using molecular distillation, can be used to produce a carotene-rich refined edible palm oil that meets standard refined edible oil specifications and retains up to 80% of the carotenes and vitamin E originally present in the crude palmOil.
Abstract: A novel process involving pretreatment of crude palm oil, followed by deacidification and deodorization using molecular distillation, can be used to produce a carotene-rich refined edible palm oil. the product is a refined red palm oil that meets standard refined edible oil specifications and retains up to 80% of the carotene and vitamin E originally present in the crude palm oil. the oil contains no less than 500 ppm carotene, 90% of which is present as α- and β-carotene. the vitamin E content is about 800 ppm, 70% of it in the form of tocotrienols (mainly as α-, β-, and γ-tocotrienols). Other valuable minor components present in this oil are ubiquinones and phytosterols. the process is also applicable for the commercial production of other natural vitamin-rich palm fractions, such as stearin, olein, and palm mid-fraction. Such products are currently available and can be used in various food applications, both as cooking media and as ingredients that enhance the appearance and nutritional value of foods.
196 citations
TL;DR: Yarrowia lipolytica was cultivated on mixtures of saturated free fatty acids (an industrial derivative of animal fat called stearin), technical glycerol (the main byproduct of bio-diesel production facilities), and glucose as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Yarrowia lipolytica was cultivated on mixtures of saturated free fatty acids (an industrial derivative of animal fat called stearin), technical glycerol (the main by-product of bio-diesel production facilities), and glucose. The utilization of technical glycerol and stearin as co-substrates resulted in higher lipid synthesis and increased citric acid production than the combination of glucose and stearin. The lipids produced contained significant amounts of stearic acid (50-70%, wt/wt) and lower ones of palmitic (15-20%, wt/wt), oleic (7-20%, wt/wt), and linoleic (2-7%, wt/wt) acid. Single-cell oil having a composition similar to cocoa-butter up to 3.4 g/L was produced, whereas in some cases relatively increased citric acid quantities (up to 14 g/L) were excreted into the growth medium. The microorganism presented a high specificity for lauric, myristic, and palmitic acid, while a discrimination for the stearic acid was observed. As a conclusion, microbial metabolism could be directed by using mixtures of inexpensive saturated fats, glycerol, and glucose as co-substrates, in order to accumulate lipids with predetermined composition, e.g., cocoa-butter equivalents.
187 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 2 |
| 2021 | 17 |
| 2020 | 20 |
| 2019 | 18 |
| 2018 | 22 |
| 2017 | 32 |