TL;DR: 1. INTRODUCTION Overview / Review Exercises / Bibliography 2. DATA PRESENTATION Types of Numerical Data / Tables / Graphs / Further Applications / Review exercises/ Bibliography
Abstract: 1. INTRODUCTION Overview / Review Exercises / Bibliography 2. DATA PRESENTATION Types of Numerical Data / Tables / Graphs / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 3. NUMERICAL SUMMARY MEASURES Measures of Central Tendency / Measures of Dispersion / Grouped Data / Chebychev"s Inequality / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 4. RATES AND STANDARDIZATION Rates / Standardization of Rates / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 5.LIFE TABLES Computation of the Life Table / Applications of the Life Table / Years of Potential Life Lost / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 6. PROBABILITY Operations on Events and Probability / Conditional Probability / Bayes" Theorem / Diagnostic Tests / The Relative Risk and the Odds Ratio / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 7. THEORETICAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS Probability Distributions / The Binomial Distribution / The Poisson Distribution / The Normal Distribution / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 8. SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE MEAN Sampling Distributions / The Central Limit Theorem / Applications on the Central Limit Theorem / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 9. CONFIDENCE INTERVALS Two-Sided Confidence Intervals / One-Sided Confidence Intervals / Student"s t Distribution / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 10. HYPOTHESIS TESTING General Concepts / Two-Sided Tests of Hypotheses / One-Sided Tests of Hypotheses / Types of Error / Power / Sample Size Estimation / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 11. COMPARISON OF TWO MEANS Paired Samples / Independent Samples / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 12. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE One-Way Analysis of Variance / Multiple Comparisons Procedures / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 13. NONPARAMETRIC METHODS The Sign Test / The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test / The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test / Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonparametric Methods / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 14. INFERENCE ON PROPORTIONS Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution / Sampling Distribution of a Proportion / Confidence Intervals / Hypothesis Testing / Sample Size Estimation / Comparison of Two Proportions / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 15. CONTINGENCY TABLES The Chi-Square Test / McNemar"s Test / The Odds Ratio / Berkson"s Fallacy / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 16. MULTIPLE 2 x 2 TABLES Simpson"s Paradox / The Mantel-Haenszel Method / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 17. CORRELATION The Two-Way Scatter Plot / Pearson"s Correlation Coefficient / Spearman"s Rank Correlation Coefficient / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 18. SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION Regression Concepts / The Model / Evaluation of the Model / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 19. MULTIPLE REGRESSION The Model / Model Selection / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 20. LOGISTIC REGRESSION The Model / Multiple Logistic Regression / Indicator Variables / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 21. SURVIVAL ANALYSIS Life Table Method / Product-Limit Method / The Log-Rank Test / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography 22. SAMPLING THEORY Sampling Schemes / Sources of Bias / Further Applications / Review Exercises / Bibliography / APPENDIXES / A: TABLES / B: DATA SETS / INDEX
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of sample sizes for single-arm and multiple-arm clinical trials, focusing on the following issues: Confounding and interaction: 1-Sided Test Versus Two-Sides Test Crossover Design Versus Parallel Design Subgroup/Interim Analyses Data Transformation Practical Issues COMPARING MEANS One-Sample Design Two-Sample Parallel Design 2-Sample Crossover design Multiple-Sample One-Way ANOVA Multiple-sample Williams Design Practical issues LARGE SAMPLE TESTS for PROPORTIONS
Abstract: INTRODUCTION Regulatory Requirement Basic Considerations Procedures for Sample Size Calculation Aims and Structure of the Book CONSIDERATIONS PRIOR TO SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION Confounding and Interaction One-Sided Test Versus Two-Sided Test Crossover Design Versus Parallel Design Subgroup/Interim Analyses Data Transformation Practical Issues COMPARING MEANS One-Sample Design Two-Sample Parallel Design Two-Sample Crossover Design Multiple-Sample One-Way ANOVA Multiple-Sample Williams Design Practical Issues LARGE SAMPLE TESTS FOR PROPORTIONS One-Sample Design Two-Sample Parallel Design Two-Sample Crossover Design One-Way Analysis of Variance Williams Design Relative Risk - Parallel Design Relative Risk - Crossover Design Practical Issues EXACT TESTS FOR PROPORTIONS Binomial Test Fisher's Exact Test Optimal Multiple-Stage Designs for Single Arm Trials Flexible Designs for Multiple-Arm Trials Remarks TESTS FOR GOODNESS-OF-FIT AND CONTINGENCY TABLES Tests for Goodness-of-Fit Test for Independence -Single Stratum Test for Independence -Multiple Strata Test for Categorical Shift Carry-Over Effect Test Practical Issues COMPARING TIME-TO-EVENT DATA Basic Concepts Exponential Model Cox's Proportional Hazards Model Weighted Log-Rank Test Practical Issues GROUP SEQUENTIAL METHODS Pocock's Test O'Brien and Fleming's Test Wang and Tsiatis' Test Inner Wedge Test Binary Variables Time-to-Event Data Alpha Spending Function Sample Size Re-Estimation Conditional Power Practical Issues COMPARING VARIABILITIES Comparing Intra-Subject Variabilities Comparing Intra-Subject CVs Comparing Inter-Subject Variabilities Comparing Total Variabilities Practical Issues BIOEQUIVALENCE TESTING Bioequivalence Criteria Average Bioequivalence Population Bioequivalence Individual Bioequivalence In Vitro Bioequivalence NONPARAMETRICS Violation of Assumptions One-Sample Location Problem Two-Sample Location Problem Test for Independence Practical Issues SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION IN OTHER AREAS Dose Response Studies ANOVA with Repeated Measures Quality of Life Bridging Studies Vaccine Clinical Trials Appendix: Tables of Quantiles References Index