Abstract: An integrated approach to testing is described which includes both static and dynamic analysis methods and which is based on theoretical results that prove both its effectiveness and efficiency. Programs are viewed as consisting of collections of functions that are joined together using elementary functional forms or complex functional structures. Functional testing is identified as the input-output analysis of functional forms. Classes of faults are defined for these forms, and results are presented which prove the fault-revealing effectiveness of well defined sets of tests. Functional analysis is identified as the analysis of the sequences of operators, functions, and data type transformations which occur in functional structures. Theoretical results are presented which prove that it is only necessary to look at interfaces between pairs of operators and data type transformations in order to detect the presence of operator or data type sequencing errors. The results depend on the definition of normal forms for operator and data type sequencing diagrams.

Abstract: We consider the characteristics of sequential PROLOG programs using static and dynamic analyzers. They were developed to analyze ICOT-developed PROLOG programs and to collect various data items for studying program characteristics. Thirty-nine programs were statistically analyzed; two of these were also analyzed dynamically. The static analyzer is written in DEC-10 PROLOG. It simply reads a program from the beginning and outputs various types of information about the program. The dynamic analyzer is also written in DEC-10 PROLOG. It executes a program that can be executed in parallel by providing a goal for the program. During the execution, it collects various data including those obtained in the static analysis.

Abstract: Large deflection static analysis of shallow spherical shells on Winkler foundation is made, using Berger's and Modified Berger's methods. Small amplitude free vibration analysis of shallow spherical shells on Winkler foundation is carried out various methods. While Modified Berger's method gives better results for static analysis, the original Berger's approach is found to give good results for dynamic analysis

Abstract: A modification of the dynamic relaxation method is proposed which facilitates static analysis of non-linear problems Continuous loading in time is adopted instead of the ordinary step function of time Inertia and damping forces arising during the loading process are kept at a minimum using an optimum load time history This results from the stationary condition of an appropriate functional The equation of motion is included as a subsidiary condition Continuous load—deflection curves can be obtained An incremental solution is avoided Application of the method is extremely simple Existing programs based on explicit time integration schemes can be easily adapted for it Sample solutions are presented

Abstract: A structured presentation of a proof system for CSP programs is given. The presentation is based on the approach of Apt, Francez and de Roever [AFR]. Its new aspects are the use of static analysis and of proofs from assumptions instead of proof outlines. Also, in contrast to [AFR] total correctness is studied.

Abstract: The theory and background of the DAMAST computer program for the calculation of hydrostatic properties are presented. The program uses a direct analytical evaluation of the pressure acting on flat panels, and is therefore particularly suitable for dealing with box-like structures such as jack-up and semisubmersible rigs. The program is concerned with safety against capsizing by considering the hydrostatic properties in still water only. Although such an analysis has its limitation it is considered doubtful whether a static analysis could be replaced by a consistent and accurate dynamic approach in the near future.

Abstract: Currently, no direct solution exists that provides the pavement in situ layer moduli from deflection measurements. Current methods evaluate the pavement layer moduli from deflection measurements by using either empirical approaches or static layered elastic computer programs with iterative solutions. In this study, mechanistically based typical curves and tables are developed to evaluate the moduli of the four highway pavement layers--surface, base, subbase, and subgrade--from the Dynaflect measurements based on both static and dynamic analyses. The curves and tables are developed by using the Chevron computer program for the static analysis and the DYNAMIC computer program for the dynamic analysis. The results are applicable to a large number of typical combinations of layer thicknesses and material moduli. If the layer thicknesses are known and the Dynaflect measurements are determined, the four moduli of the pavement layers can be evaluated. The curves and tables developed are simple to use, without the need for previous empirical relationships or computer analysis. The study demonstrates that the static and dynamic predictions of the layer moduli are different in most cases. However, the research technique used in this study needs field verifications or other independent validation procedures to support the obtained results.

Abstract: This paper deals with the stationary states, or operating points, of simple feedback loops consisting of an arbitrary number of nonlinear subsystems. It is assumed that (1) the static input-output relationship of each subsystem is known; (2) little or nothing is known about their dynamics. The analysis results in (1) a graphical construction of the stationary point, or points, of the system; (2) a simple criterion for the asymptotic stability of each stationary point for those feedback loops where each subsystem in the loop has a one-dimensional state space; (3) a graphical construction for the way in which the operating point is affected by external inputs of the system. A key role in the analysis is played by the (static) open-loop characteristic, a nonlinear analog of the open-loop gain for linear systems.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To confirm the accuracy of an analyzed value obtained by a mode superposition method, by comparing the displacement and stress calculated from static analysis according to the mode superposition method to those calculated from the static analysis according to a direct method CONSTITUTION: In the processing using a vibration analyzing system, an inherent value analyzing means 1 is provided at first and a check means 2 is provided next The means 2 consists of the first static analytical means 3, the second static analytical means 4 according to a mode superposition method and a comparing means 5 comparing the analytical results of both means, and a frequency response analyzing means 6 according to the mode superposition method is provided at the last step The inherent value of a vibration analyzing object is calculated by the means 1 and steady stress to which harmonic exciting force is added is calculated according to the mode superposition method using the obtained analytical value The displacement and stress of an object are calculated according to the respective methods of the means 3, 4 to be compared with those calculated according to a direct method by the comparing means 5 By this method, the analysis of frequency response according to the mode superposition method can be performed with high accuracy COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

Abstract: This paper presents a possible evolution in the design methods and in the tools used to develop VLSI processors. These tools are based on techniques of Artificial Intelligence in order to substitute static analysis for simulation.

Abstract: Algebraic methods have been widely used to find properties of programs, especially for use in compiler optimisation. This paper describes the use of this kind of method to prove the absence of particular errors in microcode, or to detect and locate such errors. In order to show the kind of error which may be found we consider a number of examples. All of these have found errors in practical microcode, written for the PERQ computer.

Abstract: Deep reinforced concrete beams subjected to quasi-static loading have been studied both experimentally and analytically [1, 2]. The primary purpose of these studies has been to examine the behavior of such structures during earthquake. It is known that static analysis and static testing are not adequate in representing dynamic behaviors of structures. However, dynamic load cannot be easily simulated or measured in the laboratory. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to use general purpose computer programs to simulate the behavior of the deep R/C beams under dynamic loading. The information from this study will be used in the future study of R/C structures under seismic loading.

Abstract: Deep reinforced concrete beams subjected to quasi-static loading have been studied both experimentally and analytically [1 ,2J. The primary purpose of these studies has been to examine the behavior of such structures during earthquake. It is known that static analysis and static testing are not adequate in representing dynamic behaviors of structures. However, dynamic load cannot be easily simulated or measured in the laboratory. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to use general purpose computer programs to simulate the behavior of the deep RIC beams under dynamic loading. The information from this study will be used in the future study of RIC structures under seismic loading.

Abstract: The paper presents a description of the main features of the finite element code ZERO-4, which allows the static and dynamic analysis of 2- and 3-D solids and of axisymmetric structures with non-symmetrical loads, taking into account dynamic fluid-structure interaction effects. The structure is assumed to have an elastic behaviour and an acoustic approximation is made for the fluid. The liquid is considered as compressible and sloshing effects may be taken into account. The static analysis may be performed with thermal loads and distributed or concentrated forces on the structure. The dynamic loading may consist of distributed or concentrated forces on the structure, prescribed pressures on some part of the fluid surface, prescribed nodal displacements and seismic ground acceleration. The seismic response may be computed taking into account multiple support excitations acting both on the structure and on the fluid. The dynamic equilibrium equations are solved by means of the modal superposition method and in the case of fluid-structure interaction problems, the normal modes of the coupled system are used. One of the major problems to be considered when using the modal superposition method, is the choice of an appropriate number of modes to yield accurate results.

Abstract: A combined experimental and analytical study is made of the response to strong base motions of reinforced concrete structures having irregular vertical configurations. In the study, two frame-wall structures are constructed at small scale and subjected to earthquake simulations on a shaking table. Measured responses of the structures are compared with responses computed by several conventional analysis methods. The methods include inelastic dynamic response history analysis, inelastic static analysis, elastic modal spectral analysis, and elastic static analysis. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that the main advantage of the dynamic methods was that they were capable of estimating maximum displacement responses, whereas the static methods cannot be used for this purpose. In all other regards, the dynamic methods offered no clear advantage over the corresponding static method. The inelastic static and dynamic methods were superior to the elastic methods in interpreting effects of the structural discontinuities.