Topic
Stable fly
About: Stable fly is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 596 publications have been published within this topic receiving 10370 citations. The topic is also known as: Stomoxys calcitrans.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: The augmentation of native parasites, predators and competitors has been attempted and even promoted for horn fly and stable fly control, but evidence for the success of such programmes is equivocal.
Abstract: Tabanids are among the most free-living adult flies which play a role as livestock pests A single blood meal is used as a source of energy for egg production (100-1,000 eggs per meal), and females of certain species can oviposit before a blood meal is obtained (autogeny) Therefore, the maintenance of annual populations requires successful oviposition by only 2% of females Wild animal blood sources are usually available to maintain annual tabanid populations Larval habitats are also independent of domestic livestock Thus, the use of repellents or partial repellents is the only effective chemical strategy to reduce the incidence of tabanids on livestock Permanent traps (and possibly treated silhouette traps) can be employed to intercept flies Selective grazing or confinement can also reduce the impact of tabanids Stable fly adults are dependent on vertebrate blood for survival and reproduction, but the amount of time spent in contact with the host is relatively small Stable fly larvae develop in manure, spilled feed and decaying vegetation Management of larval habitats by sanitation is the key to stable fly control Treatment of animals with residual insecticides can aid in control; thorough application to the lower body parts of livestock is important Proper use of modified traps, using either treated targets or solar-powered electrocution grids, can be effective in reducing stable fly populations Adult horn flies spend the major part of their time on the host, and the larvae are confined to bovid manure Therefore, almost any form of topical insecticide application for livestock is effective against horn flies, in the absence of insecticide resistance Treatments should be applied when economic benefit is possible; economic gains are associated with increased weaning weights and weight gains of yearling and growing cattle Oral chemical treatments (insect growth regulators or insecticides) administered at appropriate rates via bolus, water, food or mineral mixtures can inhibit horn fly larval development However, adult horn fly movement among cattle herds limits the use of larval control for horn fly population management The augmentation of native parasites, predators and competitors has been attempted and even promoted for horn fly and stable fly control, but evidence for the success of such programmes is equivocal
299 citations
TL;DR: By adding pelleted peanut hulls 1:1 by volume, the house fly diet becomes suitable for rearing the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), and the economics involved are discussed.
Abstract: A diet for rearing the house fly, Musca domestica (L.), was developed from feed constituents available on a year-round basis in Gainesville, FL. The diet, called the Gainesville House Fly Diet, perfolmed as well or better than the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers’ Association fly larval medium (CSMA) and can be mixed, bagged, and delivered by a local feed mill within 3 d. By adding pelleted peanut hulls 1:1 by volume, the house fly diet becomes suitable for rearing the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitralls (L.). Use of these diets and the economics involved are discussed further.
229 citations
TL;DR: Differences in weight gains caused by stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, on grazing yearling steer/calves averaged 0.2 kg per steer in a 3-yr study on canyon range pastures in West Central Nebraska.
Abstract: Differences in weight gains caused by stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), on grazing yearling steer/calves averaged 0.2 kg per steer in a 3-yr study on canyon range pastures in West Central Nebraska. Stable fly numbers averaged 0.85 per front leg on treated calves and 3.64 per front leg on control calves. In 2 of the 3 yr after the grazing trials were completed, the calves were placed in a feedlot and fed a finishing ration. Compensatory gain did not occur in the feedlot after the stable fly stress was removed.
180 citations
TL;DR: Virus was detected in the insects by polymerase chain reaction immediately after feeding and at sufficiently high titre to enable transmission to occur, however, no transmission of virus from infected to susceptible animals by An.
Abstract: The mosquitoes Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) and the biting midge Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) were allowed to feed on either lumpy skin disease (LSD) infected animals or through a membrane on a bloodmeal containing lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). These arthropods were then allowed to refeed on susceptible cattle at various intervals after the infective feed. Virus was detected in the insects by polymerase chain reaction immediately after feeding and at sufficiently high titre to enable transmission to occur. However, no transmission of virus from infected to susceptible animals by An. stephensi, S. calcitrans, C. nubeculosus and Cx. quinquefasciatus was observed.
179 citations
TL;DR: Stable flies laid greater numbers of eggs on a substrate with an active microbial community than on a sterilized substrate, and stable fly females are capable of selecting an oviposition site based on the microbially derived stimuli that indicate the suitability of the substrate for larval development.
Abstract: Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are the most important pests of cattle in the United States. However, adequate management strategies for stable flies, especially for pastured cattle, are lacking. Microbial/symbiont-based approaches offer novel venues for management of insect pests and/or vector-borne human and animal pathogens. Unfortunately, the fundamental knowledge of stable fly-microbial associations and their effect on stable fly biology is lacking. In this study, stable flies laid greater numbers of eggs on a substrate with an active microbial community (> 95% of total eggs oviposited) than on a sterilized substrate. In addition, stable fly larvae could not develop in a sterilized natural or artificial substrate/medium. Bacteria were isolated and identified from a natural stable fly oviposition/developmental habitat and their individual effect on stable fly oviposition response and larval development was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Of nine bacterial strains evaluated in the oviposition bioassays, Citrobacter freundii stimulated oviposition to the greatest extent. C. freundii also sustained stable fly development, but to a lesser degree than Serratia fanticola. Serratia marcescens and Aeromonas spp. neither stimulated oviposition nor supported stable fly development. These results demonstrate a stable fly bacterial symbiosis; stable fly larval development depends on a live microbial community in the natural habitat, and stable fly females are capable of selecting an oviposition site based on the microbially derived stimuli that indicate the suitability of the substrate for larval development. This study shows a promising starting point for exploiting stable fly-bacterial associations for development of novel approaches for stable fly management.
120 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 8 |
| 2024 | 8 |
| 2023 | 11 |
| 2022 | 13 |
| 2021 | 34 |
| 2020 | 15 |