TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of two-photon coherent states is introduced for applications in quantum optics, which is a simple generalization of the well-known minimum-uncertainty wave packets.
Abstract: The concept of a two-photon coherent state is introduced for applications in quantum optics. It is a simple generalization of the well-known minimum-uncertainty wave packets. The detailed properties of two-photon coherent states are developed and distinguished from ordinary coherent states. These two-photon coherent states are mathematically generated from coherent states through unitary operators associated with quadratic Hamiltonians. Physically they are the radiation states of ideal two-photon lasers operating far above threshold, according to the self-consistent-field approximation. The mean-square quantum noise behavior of these states, which is basically the same as those of minimum-uncertainty states, leads to applications not obtainable from coherent states or one-photon lasers. The essential behavior of two-photon coherent states is unchanged by small losses in the system. The counting rates or distributions these states generate in photocount experiments also reveal their difference from coherent states.
TL;DR: The properties of a unique set of quantum states of the electromagnetic field are reviewed in this article, and proposed schemes for the generation and detection of squeezed states as well as potential applications are discussed.
Abstract: The properties of a unique set of quantum states of the electromagnetic field are reviewed. These ‘squeezed states’ have less uncertainty in one quadrature than a coherent state. Proposed schemes for the generation and detection of squeezed states as well as potential applications are discussed.
TL;DR: It is shown that the introduction of {ital N}-mode squeeze operators provides a convenient set of parameters to describe the variances of the quadrature amplitudes in multimode Gaussian squeezed states.
Abstract: Multimode squeeze and rotation operators are defined such that they have extremely similar algebraic properties as those of their single-mode counterparts. It is shown that the introduction of {ital N}-mode squeeze operators provides a convenient set of parameters to describe the variances of the quadrature amplitudes in multimode Gaussian squeezed states. Some important properties of these {ital N}-mode unitary operators are investigated. It is also shown that the time-evolution operator for a general {ital N}-mode quadratic Hamiltonian can be conveniently expressed as an operator product containing an {ital N}-mode squeeze operator, an {ital N}-mode rotation operator, and an {ital N}-mode displacement operator.
TL;DR: In this article, a subset of the states that satisfy the uncertainty relation as an equality are constructed by applying a squeeze operator to a state that consists of a Hermite polynomial, whose argument is the mode creation operator multiplied by a constant, acting on the vacuum.
Abstract: The real and imaginary parts of the square of the field amplitude are the variables that describe amplitude-squared squeezing. These quantities obey an uncertainty relation. Here we find a particularly simple subset of the states that satisfy the uncertainty relation as an equality. These states are constructed by applying a squeeze operator to a state that consists of a Hermite polynomial, whose argument is the mode creation operator multiplied by a constant, acting on the vacuum. The squeezed vacuum is such a state. These states may or may not be squeezed in the normal sense, and may or may not have sub-Poissonian photon statistics.
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple criterion for the existence of nonclassical effects in two-mode radiation is established, which implies that the intermode photon bunching, rather than antibunching, can play a key role in rendering twomode radiation non-classical.
Abstract: The concept of photon antibunching as a manifestation of nonclassical character in single-mode radiation is extended to two-mode radiation. A simple criterion for the existence of nonclassical effects in two-mode radiation is established. It implies that the intermode photon bunching, rather than antibunching, can play a key role in rendering two-mode radiation nonclassical. The two-mode squeezed vacuum states are used as simple examples to illustrate the essential point of the criterion. The criterion is then used to study the nonclassical properties of two types of two-mode squeezed states. A state generated by applying the squeeze operator to the two-mode vacuum first, followed by the displacement operator, is called a two-mode coherent squeezed state. If the order of the two operators is reversed, a two-mode squeezed coherent state is obtained. It is found that the latter has a much stronger tendency to become a nonclassical state than the former, assuming that the parameters involved are all the same. A measure of nonclassical depth of radiation is adopted. It is found that, according to this measure, the effect of squeezing in making two-mode coherent squeezed states nonclassical is not monotonic. Such phenomena do not occur in squeezed coherent states.