Sprayer

Abstract: Methods, and apparatus of forming in situ tissue adherent barriers are provided using a sprayer (90) capable of applying two or more viscous cross linking solutions to tissue The sprayer (90) comprises separate spray nozzles (98, 100) for each of two or more cross linking solutions, wherein each nozzle (98, 100) is in communication with a gas pressurized chamber (48) also may include valves (52) that prevent back flow through the supply lines (99, 101) carrying the cross linking solutions, and a venting system (106, 108) for venting excess pressure for laparoscopic applications In the presence of gas flow, the cross linking solutions are atomized, and mixed to form a spray Multi-component hydrogel systems suitable for use with the inventive methods, and apparatus are also described

Abstract: Spray drift assessment encompasses classification of the capacity of each sprayer/technology/setting combination to reduce or avoid the spray drift risk, as well as drift measurement to define buffer zones mandated during pesticide application. Compounding the challenge of these tasks is the great variability of field evaluation results from environmental conditions, spray application technology, canopy structure, and measurement procedures. This study, performed in Spanish context, evaluates the effects of different parameters on comparative measurements of ground and airborne spray drift employing the ISO22866:2005 protocol. Four configurations of air blast sprayers, derived from two fan airflow rates and two nozzle types (conventional and air-induction), were tested in orchard and vineyard at late growth stage. Spray drift curves were obtained, from which corresponding Drift Values (DVs) were calculated using an approximation of definite integral. Both sprayer settings and environmental variables statistically affect spray drift total amounts and result variability. PCA analysis showed that nozzle type and wind speed characteristics explained 51% and 24% of the variance, respectively. In particular, mean wind direction influence ground sediments (Pr < 0.01) and maximum wind speed strongly influence airborne drift value (Pr < 0.0001). The wind characteristics concealed the influence of adopted fan airflow rates on final spray drift assessment results. The effect of uncontrollable environmental conditions makes objective and comparative tests difficult.