Showing papers on "Spectroscopy published in 1972"
Book•
1 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the properties of molecular systems and their applications in the field of chemistry, including the following: properties of the elements, properties of molecules, and properties of compounds.
Abstract: Properties of Molecular Systems I. Properties of Solvents and Common Liquids II. Azeotropic Data III. Empirical Boiling Point-Pressure Relationships IV. Properties of Selected Gases V. Properties of Representative Fused Salt Systems VI. Structure and Properties of Naturally Occurring -Amino Acids VII. Properties and Applications of Liquid Crystals VIII. Prototropic Tautomerism IX. Acids and Bases Properties of Atoms and Bonds I. Properties of the Elements II. Table of Isotopes III. Selected Bond Lengths IV. Effective van der Waals Radii V. Bond Angles and Hybridization VI. Selected Bond Strengths VII. Force Constants VIII. Torsion and Inversion Barriers IX. Bond and Group Dipole Moments X. Aromaticity Kinetics and Energetics I. Activation Parameters and Kinetics of Selected Reactions II. Linear Free Energy Relationships III. Conformational Free Energy Values IV. Free Energy-Composition Chart Spectroscopy I. The Electromagnetic Spectrum II. Solvents and Other Media for Spectral Measurements III. Optical Materials for Spectroscopy and Photochemistry IV. Vibration Spectra V. Electronic Absorption and Emission Spectra: UV and Vis VI. Optical Activity and Optical Rotation VII. Mass Spectrometry VIII. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy IX. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy X. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy XI. Bibliography of Spectral Data Compilations Photochemistry I. Electronic Energy State Diagram II. Excited State Energy Transfer: Sensitizers and Quenchers III. Photochemistry Light Sources and Equipment IV. Chemical Actinometry: Quantum Yield V. Suppliers VI. References Chromatography I. Fundamental Types of Chromatography and Basic Definitions II. Adsorption Chromatography III. Paper Chromatography IV. Column and Thin Layer Partition Chromatography V. Ion-Exchange Chromatography VI. Gel Filtration and Gel Permeation Chromatography VII. Automated Liquid Chromatography VIII. Electrophoresis IX. Vapor Phase Chromatography X. Chromatography Supply Directory XI. References Experimental Techniques I. Properties of Laboratory Materials II. Standard Glassware Cleaning Solutions III. Purification of Common Solvents IV. Detection of Peroxides and Their Removal V. Chemical Methods for Deoxygenating Gases and Liquids VI. Simple Chemical Methods for Detecting Specific Gases VII. Simple Preparations of Some Dry Gases VIII. Common Solvents for Crystallization IX. Solvents for Extraction of Aqueous Solutions X. Drying Agents XI. Solvents and Baths for Heating and Cooling XII. Molecular Weight Determination Mathematical and Numerical Information I. Approved International Units System and General Constants II. Useful Conversion Factors III. Wavelength-Wavenumber Conversion Table IV. Multiples of Element and Group Weights V. Molecular Symmetry: Definitions and Common Systems VI. Character Tables for Common Symmetry Groups VII. Computer Programs VIII. Statistical Treatment of Data Miscellaneous I. Important Chemistry Reference Sources: A Bibliography II. Atomic and Molecular Models III. Addresses of Publishers that Deal With Chemistry IV. Combustion Microanalysis and Other Custom Analytical Services V. Hazards of Common Chemicals Suppliers Index Subject Index
2,127 citations
TL;DR: Using the recently introduced technique of proton-enchanced nuclear induction spectroscopy, 13 C chemical shielding parameters are reported for a number of simple organic compounds, and some exemplary spectra are shown as mentioned in this paper.
333 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of the $4d$ excitations in Pr and the $2p$ excitation of Si using a single crystal was investigated using the continuous spectrum of synchrotron radiation.
Abstract: Because of the similarity between photoelectric yield and photoabsorption spectra in the soft x-ray region, "yield spectroscopy" can be used as a successful method for investigating fine structure in the electronic excitation spectra of solids. The continuous spectrum of synchrotron radiation is especially appropriate for such measurements. We reinvestigated the structure of the $4d$ excitations in Pr and the $2p$ excitations of Si using a single crystal.
328 citations
Book•
1 Jan 1972
TL;DR: In this article, Boudreaux et al. compared and analyzed the properties of isolated pyrimidine bases and measured the effect of various parameters on their properties, such as vibrational line profiles and frequency shifts.
Abstract: 1. Applications of Matrix Infrared Spectroscopy to Mapping of Bimolecular Reaction Paths (H. Frei). Introduction. Oxygen Transfer Reactions. Hydrogen Transfer Reactions. Concluding Remarks. 2. Vibrational Line Profile and Frequency Shift Studies by Raman Spectroscopy (B.P. Asthana, W. Kiefer). Introduction. Deconvolution of Raman Line Profile. Determination of Frequency Shifts by Raman Difference Spectroscopy (RDS). Study of Linewidth Changes by RDS. Experimental Techniques. Applications. Summary. 3. Microwave Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (A. Bauder). Introduction. Experimental. Rotational Spectra. 4. Ab Initio Quality of SCMEH-MO Calculations of Complex Inorganic Systems (E.A. Boudreaux). Introduction. Theoretical Foundation. Applications and Results. Comments, Conclusions and Acknowledgments. 5. Calculated and Experimental Vibrational Spectra and Force Fields of Isolated Pyrimidine Bases (W.B. Person, K. Szczepaniak). Introduction. Methods for Study of Isolated Molecules. Stabilities, Structures, and Dipole Moments of Isolated Pyrimidine Bases. Comparison of Experimental and Calculated Infrared Spectra for Pyrimidine Bases. Basis Set Dependence of Calculated Infrared Spectra and Vibrational Parameters for Uracil. Comparison of Spectra Calculated for Uracil, Thymine, Cytosine, and 1-Methylcytosine. Comparison and Transferability of Bond Force Constants from Thymine, Uracil, Cytosine, and 1-Methylcytosine. Comparison and Transferability of Bond Dipole Derivatives from Uracil, Thymine, Cytosine, and 1-Methylcytosine. Concluding Remarks. Author Index. Subject Index.
257 citations
TL;DR: The high-resolution Auger spectra from krypton (L2,3 MM and M4,5 NN) and xenon (M4, 5 NN and N4 OO) have been obtained in this paper.
Abstract: The high resolution Auger spectra from krypton (L2,3 MM and M4,5 NN) and xenon (M4,5 NN and N4,5 OO) have been obtained. The Auger lines are assigned by comparison with energies obtained from optical spectroscopy and relativistic Hartree-Fock-Stater calculations and the energies of new atomic levels have been found. Some of the satellite lines have been assigned to shake-up processes. Comparison with calculations of Auger intensities has also been made.
257 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended the theory of Gordon which relates the shape of the depolarized components of certain Raman bands to a molecular reorientation correlation function to a number of types of molecular vibrations not previously covered.
Abstract: The theory of Gordon which relates the shape of the depolarized components of certain Raman bands to a molecular reorientation correlation function is extended to a number of types of molecular vibrations not previously covered. In addition, the contribution to the line shape for vibrational relaxation and reorientation is obtained for the three types of vibrational spectroscopy, infrared, Raman, and hyper‐Raman, and it is shown that the form of the vibrational relaxation contribution is the same for each spectroscopy. Conditions and assumptions are given under which the line broadening contributions of reorientation and vibrational relaxation can be separated and experimentally determined.
228 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the hyperfine structures of the P(13)R(15) (43−0) lines (5145A) in molecular iodine were observed at very low pressures using a new saturated fluorescence technique.
223 citations
183 citations
IBM1
TL;DR: By using tunable dye lasers, the third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility in LiNb${\mathrm{O}}_{3} was studied in this article, where it was explained in terms of a nonlinear force which drives the polariton modes strongly whenever momentum matching is satisfied.
Abstract: By using tunable dye lasers, the third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}(\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3},{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2})$ is studied in LiNb${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ shows resonant enhancement when ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ is near the polariton frequencies. This behavior is explained in terms of a nonlinear force which drives the polariton modes strongly whenever momentum matching is satisfied.
TL;DR: In this paper, a tunable dye laser has been used to observe resonant two photon photodetachment of electrons from C − 2, and these measurements definitely establish the fact that the Herzberg-Lagerquist band system belongs to C−2, and that the ground state of C− 2 is a 2 σ + g state.
TL;DR: In this article, a simple apparatus for photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy is described, using a parallel plate analyser for electron energy selection and time-of-flight for ion mass selection.
Book•
1 Oct 1972
TL;DR: Emission Spectroscopy: A review of recent achievements in analytical emissions spectroscopy can be found in the Symposium on Trace Element Analyses as mentioned in this paper, where a comparison of methods for the Determination of Trace Coloring Oxides in Optical Glasses and Glass Reference Standards for Trace Element Analysis of Geologic Materials is presented.
Abstract: Emission Spectroscopy.- A Review of Recent Achievements in Analytical Emission Spectroscopy.- Sprayer and Burner Units for Flame Emission and Atomic Absorption Measurements.- The Use of Ammonium Perchlorate with the Hydrogen-Argon-Entrained Air Flame in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.- Long Term Studies of Elemental Intake and Excretion of Three Adult Male Subjects.- X-Ray Spectroscopy.- A Study on the Change of Water of Crystallization by X-Ray Diffraction Data Stored in ASTM Magnetic Tape.- X-Ray Methods for the Analysis of Solutions.- Analysis of the Cornea of the Eye with the Electron Microprobe.- Infrared Spectroscopy.- Investigation of Optically Dense Systems by Internal Reflection Spectroscopy: Experimental Considerations.- Spectroscopic Properties of Some Metal Complexes of Gossypol.- Symposium on Silicate Analyses.- A Comparison of Methods for the Determination of Trace Coloring Oxides in Optical Glasses.- Glass Reference Standards for Trace Element Analysis of Geologic Materials.- Alternate Methods for the Determination of Boron in Silicates.- Rapid Rock Analysis Today.- Silicate Analysis as Viewed by Geological Surveys.- Silicate Analysis-a Glance Backward and a Look Forward.- Symposium on Trace Element Analyses.- Trace Metal Analysis by Gas Chromatography.- Ultratrace Metal Analysis by Mass Spectrometry of Volatile Metal ?-Diketonates.- Direct Spectrographic Determination of Trace Impurities in Ultrahigh-Purity Silver Nitrate Crystals.- Sampling and Preparation Errors in Trace Analysis.- Symposium on Mossbauer Spectroscopy.- The Study of Retained Austenite by Means of Mossbauer Scattering Spectroscopy.- On the Equivalence of the Second-Order Dopper Shift and the Mass-Change Shift in the Mossbauer Effect.- Mossbauer Spectra of Iron Phthalocyanine Complexes.- The Use of Mossbuer Spectroscopy on the Lanthanide Elements and Their Compounds.- The Point-Charge Model for Quadrupole Splitting in 119mSn Mossbauer Spectroscopy.- Current Applications of Mossbauer Spectrometry in Geochemistry.- Order-Disorder Studies in Silicates by Means of Gamma-Ray Resonant Absorption of 57Fe.- Induced Magnetization in Dilute Au-Fe Alloys..- Mossbauer-Effect Spectroscopy as a Probe for Surface Interactions.
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple apparatus for photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy is described, using a parallel plate analyser for electron energy selection and time-of-flight for ion mass selection.
TL;DR: The ultraviolet airglow spectrum of Mars has been measured from an orbiting spacecraft during a 30-day period in November-December 1971 by measuring the spectral characteristics of particle scattering and the emission rates of the carbon monoxide Cameron and fourth positive bands.
Abstract: The ultraviolet airglow spectrum of Mars has been measured from an orbiting spacecraft during a 30-day period in November-December 1971. The emission rates of the carbon monoxide Cameron and fourth positive bands, the atomic oxygen 1304-angstrom line and the atomic hydrogen 1216-angstrom line have been measured as a function of altitude. Significant variations in the scale height of the CO Cameron band airglow have been observed during a period of variable solar activity; however, the atomic oxygen and hydrogen airglow lines are present during all the observations. Measurements of the reflectance of the lower atmosphere of Mars show the spectral characteristics of particle scattering and a magnitude that is about 50 percent of that measured during the Mariner 6 and 7 experiments in 1969. The variation of reflectance across the planet may be represented by a model in which the dominant scatterer is dust that absorbs in the ultraviolet and has an optical depth greater than 1. The atmosphere above the polar region is clearer than over the rest of the planet.
TL;DR: In this article, the excited positive ion CO 2 + (C 2 Σ g + ) in its ground vibrational level predissociates completely to O + ( 4 S u ) + CO( 1 ǫ g + ).
TL;DR: The apatites described in this paper were grown using the Czochralski method, have low optical losses in the pump and emission spectral regions for neodymium and holmium, and the hosts have been developed to readily accept large concentrations of doping ions.
Abstract: A great variety of compounds occur in nature or have been synthesized in the laboratory that crystallize with the apatite structure. We have investigated a number of the apatites and found them to be excellent laser hosts for neodymium and holmium. The apatites described in this paper were grown using the Czochralski method, have low optical losses in the pump and emission spectral regions for neodymium and holmium, and the hosts have been developed to readily accept large concentrations of doping ions. This paper describes the crystal growth, physical properties, spectroscopy, and laser performance of this family of new laser materials.
TL;DR: In this paper, a high resolution electron spectrometer (ΔE≈10 meV) was used to investigate surface vibrations with a high-resolution electron analyzer, where the electrons are scattered by the extended electric dipole field associated with certain types of surface vibrations.
Abstract: Surface vibrations are investigated with a high resolution electron spectrometer (ΔE≈10 meV). For sufficiently low electron energies the electrons are scattered mainly by the extended electric dipole field associated with certain types of surface vibrations. The excitation of Fuchs-Kliewer surface modes in infrared-active materials is illustrated in zinc oxide. On the cleaved (111) silicon surface a surface phonon of ℏω=56 meV is found. Furthermore, the localized modes of oxygen adsorbed on a (111) silicon surface are discussed. The sensitivity of electron spectroscopy is several orders of magnitude higher than light spectroscopy.
TL;DR: In this paper, a portion of the infrared spectrum of CH3 was recorded using a rapid scan infrared spectrometer with scan rates up to 1 cm−1/μsec.
Abstract: Gaseous methyl radical was produced through flash photolysis of methyl iodide and of dimethyl mercury and a portion of its infrared spectrum was recorded (450–740 cm−1) using a rapid scan infrared spectrometer with scan rates up to 1 cm−1/μsec. Two absorptions were observed for CH3, at 607.0 and 603.3 cm−1, two for CH2D, at 561.2 and 558.0 cm−1, and one for CD3 at 460.6 cm−1, with a second possible feature at 457 cm−1. These frequencies are close to the corresponding matrix frequencies, which permits these bands to be assigned to ν2, the out‐of‐plane (umbrella) mode of CH3. The possibility that the doublets are due to inversion doubling of a pyramidal molecule is considered but evidence is presented to show that the lower frequency component is due, instead, to vibrationally excited methyl radical. The out‐of‐plane vibrational potential function is calculated assuming CH3 is planar. If the harmonic oscillator approximation is used, k2=0.174 mdyn/A but the CD3 frequency shows that the quartic contribution ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a successful attempt to resolve the single fine structure components of the hydrogen line Hα was described, and the Lamb shift has been observed directly in the optical absorption spectrum.
Abstract: This article describes a successful attempt to resolve the single fine structure components of the hydrogen line Hα. The Lamb shift has been observed directly in the optical absorption spectrum.
TL;DR: In this paper, a general method of characterising simple binary carbonyls produced under matrix isolation conditions, where i.r. spectroscopy is often the only means of detection, is presented.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with a general method of characterising simple binary carbonyls produced under matrix isolation conditions, where i.r. spectroscopy is often the only means of detection. I.r. band frequency and intensity patterns are calculated for a number of isotopically mixed carbonyls, and in particular, it is shown that if one were to use a mixture of C16O and C18O in the metal-atom synthesis of these compounds, then the species MCO, M(CO)2, M(CO)3(D3h), M(CO)4(D4h or Td), and M(CO)6(Oh) would each give rise to a characteristic frequency and intensity pattern. These patterns not only reveal the stoicheiometry and symmetry of the species, but also yield the appropriate Cotton–Kraihanzel force constants. The calculations are displayed as line spectra and cover a wide range of force constants.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Raman spectrum of the LiO2 molecule has been observed from samples of oxygen codeposited with lithium atoms at 15°K, and the observed Raman intensities strongly support the ionic model.
Abstract: The Raman spectrum of the LiO2 molecule has been observed from samples of oxygen codeposited with lithium atoms at 15°K. An intense band at 1093 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum exhibited appropriate oxygen isotopic shifts for assignment to the symmetric oxygen‐oxygen vibrational mode. Experiments using a 16O2, 16O18O, 18O2 sample produced a triplet indicating equivalent oxygen atoms in the LiO2 molecule. Lithium oxygen vibrations, which were very intense bands in the infrared spectrum, were not detected in the Raman spectrum. The observed Raman intensities strongly support the ionic model for LiO2 proposed earlier. The experimental apparatus and techniques for laser‐Raman matrix‐isolation spectroscopy are described.
TL;DR: In this paper, a hypersonic nozzle beam (Mach 19) of HCN molecules was studied by electric resonance spectroscopy, and an SF6 diluent was used to reduce the beam velocity by one-half and increase spectral resolution over a thermal (effusive) source.
Abstract: A hypersonic nozzle beam (Mach 19) of HCN molecules was studied by electric resonance spectroscopy. Translational temperatures of 4°K and rotational temperatures of 64± 30°K were found from a 283°K nozzle source. The monoenergetic character of the beam and the rotational cooling lead to an order of magnitude increase in signal‐to‐noise ratios. The absence of an appreciable velocity dispersion and a homogeneous radiation field allowed a critical comparison with theoretical two‐level resonance lineshapes. An SF6 diluent was used to reduce the beam velocity by one‐half and increase spectral resolution over a thermal (effusive) source. SF6 vibrational relaxation was observed. Chemically interesting species can be formed: ArXe, XeHCl, (HCl)2, (HCN)x, and (HF)x.
IBM1
TL;DR: Raman spectroscopy of powders is shown to be a sensitive technique for detecting stoichiometry variations as mentioned in this paper, which makes use of the broadening of the Raman active modes which occurs when the translational symmetry of the lattice is reduced on deviation from simple, fixed cation ratios in the structure.
Abstract: Raman spectroscopy of powders is shown to be a sensitive technique for detecting stoichiometry variations. The method makes use of the broadening of the Raman-active modes which occurs when the translational symmetry of the lattice is reduced on deviation from simple, fixed cation ratios in the structure. Application of the technique to the LiNbO3(ss) system shows that the room-temperature solid-solution range does not exceed 50±0.5 mol% Nb2O5 and that congruent LiNbO3(ss) at 51.4 mol% Nb2O5 is thermodynamically unstable below ≅800°C. Similarly, application of the Raman method to the LiTaO3(ss) system indicates that congruent LiTaO3(ss) at 51.0 mol% Ta2O5 is unstable at temperatures <1000°C.
TL;DR: In this article, individual transitions of the ν1 vibration-rotation band of SO2 in the 8.7μm-wavelength region have been observed, using tunable semiconductor diode lasers, and compared with theoretical calculations based on pure−rotation data from microwave absorption measurements.
Abstract: Individual transitions of the ν1 vibration‐rotation band of SO2 in the 8.7‐μm‐wavelength region have been observed, using tunable semiconductor diode lasers, and compared with theoretical calculations based on pure‐rotation data from microwave absorption measurements. A new value of 1151.71 ± 0.01 cm−1 has been found for the ν1‐band center. Pressure‐broadening coefficients and intensities of individual lines were determined from the high‐resolution data, and a value was obtained for total band intensity.